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Analysis of various ATP-binding cassette transporters revealed quantification of ABCB4 as a potential diagnostic tool in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

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Τίτλος: Analysis of various ATP-binding cassette transporters revealed quantification of ABCB4 as a potential diagnostic tool in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).
Συγγραφείς: Thoeni C; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Perciani CT; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, Canada., Nakib D; Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, Canada., Camat D; Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, Canada., McGilvray ID; Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada., MacParland SA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, Canada., Fischer S; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Πηγή: Histopathology [Histopathology] 2023 Oct; Vol. 83 (4), pp. 559-568. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 24.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Blackwell Scientific Publications Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7704136 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2559 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03090167 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Histopathology Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Cholangitis, Sclerosing*/diagnosis , Cholangitis, Sclerosing*/genetics , Liver Diseases*, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
Περίληψη: Aims: ATP-binding cassette transporters are important proteins in regulating bile constituent transport between hepatocytes and the bile canalicular system. Dysfunctional transporters lead to accumulation of toxic bile components within hepatocytes or the biliary system, known as cholestasis, resulting in liver damage. It has been previously reported that two particular ATP-binding cassette transporters, ABCB4 and ABCB11, have altered expression in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Interested in further analysis of expression patterns of ATP-binding cassette transporters in PSC patients, we investigated liver samples from 201 patients, including 43 patients with PSC and 51 patients with primary biliary cholangitis patients (PBC). In addition to ABCB4 and ABCB11, we also included other ATP-binding cassette transporters, to determine if upregulation of ABCB4 and ABCB11 is specifically found in the liver of patients with PSC.
Methods and Results: Retrospectively, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded liver biopsies, resections, and explants were selected to investigate the expression of ABCB1, ABCB4, ABCB11, ABCG5/8, and FXR1 using nanoString nCounter and immunohistochemistry for validation of differently expressed transporters seen in PSC liver samples in comparison to non-PSC liver specimens. Strikingly, ABCB4 was the only ATP-binding cassette transporter showing increased gene and protein expression in hepatocytes of PSC livers when compared to non-PSC liver specimens. Furthermore, ABCB4 protein expression also correlated with disease stage in PSC.
Conclusion: Our study concluded that altered ABCB4 expression is specifically seen in liver specimens of PSC patients. Therefore, quantitative ABCB4 analysis may be an additional useful tool for the histopathological diagnosis of PSC to distinguish this entity from other cholangiopathies.
(© 2023 The Authors. Histopathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
References: Fath MJ, Kolter R. ABC transporters: bacterial exporters. Microbiol. Rev. 1993; 57; 995-1017.
Cuperus FJ, Claudel T, Gautherot J, Halilbasic E, Trauner M. The role of canalicular ABC transporters in cholestasis. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2014; 42; 546-560.
Stapelbroek JM, van Erpecum KJ, Klomp LW et al. Liver disease associated with canalicular transport defects: current and future therapies. J. Hepatol. 2010; 52; 258-271.
Amer S, Hajira A. A comprehensive review of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC): genetic disorders of hepatocanalicular transporters. Gastroenterol. Res. 2014; 7; 39-43.
Chan J, Vandeberg JL. Hepatobiliary transport in health and disease. Clin. Lipidol. 2012; 7; 189-202.
Häussinger D, Keitel V, Kubitz R. Hepatobiliary transport in health and disease. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter, 2017.
Sinha A, Bhuva M, Grant C et al. ABCB4 mutations in adults cause a spectrum cholestatic disorder histologically distinct from other biliary disease. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2022; 67; 5551-5561.
Anzivino C, Odoardi MR, Meschiari E et al. ABCB4 and ABCB11 mutations in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in an Italian population. Dig. Liver Dis. 2013; 45; 226-232.
Liu X, Zheng J, Xin S et al. Whole-exome sequencing expands the roles of novel mutations of organic anion transporting polypeptide, ATP-binding cassette transporter, and receptor genes in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Front. Genet. 2022; 13; 941027.
Thoeni C, Waldherr R, Scheuerer J et al. Expression analysis of ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCB11 and ABCB4 in primary sclerosing cholangitis and variety of pediatric and adult cholestatic and noncholestatic liver diseases. Can. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2019; 2019; 1085717.
Vesterhus M, Karlsen TH. Emerging therapies in primary sclerosing cholangitis: pathophysiological basis and clinical opportunities. J. Gastroenterol. 2020; 55; 588-614.
Purohit T, Cappell MS. Primary biliary cirrhosis: pathophysiology, clinical presentation and therapy. World J. Hepatol. 2015; 7; 926-941.
Mulinacci G, Palermo A, Gerussi A, Asselta R, Gershwin ME, Invernizzi P. New insights on the role of human leukocyte antigen complex in primary biliary cholangitis. Front. Immunol. 2022; 13; 975115.
Ludwig J. Small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis. Semin. Liver Dis. 1991; 11; 11-17.
Naess S, Björnsson E, Anmarkrud JA et al. Small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis without inflammatory bowel disease is genetically different from large duct disease. Liver Int. 2014; 34; 1488-1495.
Nguyen CM, Kline KT, Stevenson HL, Khan K, Parupudi S. Small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis: a discrete variant or a bridge to large duct disease, a practical review. World J. Hepatol. 2022; 14; 495-503.
Nakanuma Y, Harada K, Katayanagi K, Tsuneyama K, Sasaki M. Definition and pathology of primary sclerosing cholangitis. J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg. 1999; 6; 333-342.
Nakanuma Y, Zen Y, Harada K et al. Application of a new histological staging and grading system for primary biliary cirrhosis to liver biopsy specimens: interobserver agreement. Pathol. Int. 2010; 60; 167-174.
de Vries EM, de Krijger M, Färkkilä M et al. Validation of the prognostic value of histologic scoring systems in primary sclerosing cholangitis: an international cohort study. Hepatology 2017; 65; 907-919.
Mounajjed T, Oxentenko AS, Qureshi H, Smyrk TC. Revisiting the topic of histochemically detectable copper in various liver diseases with special focus on venous outflow impairment. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 2013; 139; 79-86.
Jain S, Scheuer PJ, Archer B, Newman SP, Sherlock S. Histological demonstration of copper and copper-associated protein in chronic liver diseases. J. Clin. Pathol. 1978; 31; 784-790.
Sakellariou S, Michaelides C, Voulgaris T et al. Keratin 7 expression in hepatic cholestatic diseases. Virchows Arch. 2021; 479; 815-824.
Crowe AR, Yue W. Semi-quantitative determination of protein expression using immunohistochemistry staining and analysis: an integrated protocol. Bio Protoc. 2019; 9; 1-11.
Trauner M, Fickert P, Halilbasic E, Moustafa T. Lessons from the toxic bile concept for the pathogenesis and treatment of cholestatic liver diseases. Wien. Med. Wochenschr. 2008; 158; 542-548.
Trauner M, Fickert P, Baghdasaryan A et al. New insights into autoimmune cholangitis through animal models. Dig. Dis. 2010; 28; 99-104.
Gotthardt D, Runz H, Keitel V et al. A mutation in the canalicular phospholipid transporter gene, ABCB4, is associated with cholestasis, ductopenia, and cirrhosis in adults. Hepatology 2008; 48; 1157-1166.
Stättermayer AF, Halilbasic E, Wrba F, Ferenci P, Trauner M. Variants in ABCB4 (MDR3) across the spectrum of cholestatic liver diseases in adults. J. Hepatol. 2020; 73; 651-663.
Popov Y, Patsenker E, Fickert P, Trauner M, Schuppan D. Mdr2 (Abcb4)−/− mice spontaneously develop severe biliary fibrosis via massive dysregulation of pro- and antifibrogenic genes. J. Hepatol. 2005; 43; 1045-1054.
Chazouillères O. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and bile acids. Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol. 2012; 36(Suppl 1); S21-S25.
Mousa OY, Juran BD, McCauley BM et al. Bile acid profiles in primary Sclerosing cholangitis and their ability to predict hepatic decompensation. Hepatology 2021; 74; 281-295.
Tilg H, Adolph TE, Trauner M. Gut-liver axis: pathophysiological concepts and clinical implications. Cell Metab. 2022; 34; 1700-1718.
Grant Information: CRC Tier 2 in Liver Immunobiology (SAM); Graduate Fellowship (CGS-D) from CIHR (DN); LMP UHN Innovation Competition Grant 2020 (CT/SF); HIT168002 CIHR; PJT162098 CIHR; PJT162298 CIHR
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: ABCB4; ATP-binding cassette transporters; cholestasis; primary sclerosing cholangitis
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters)
0 (RNA-Binding Proteins)
0 (FXR1 protein, human)
9EI49ZU76O (multidrug resistance protein 3)
0 (ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20230725 Date Completed: 20230918 Latest Revision: 20260127
Update Code: 20260130
DOI: 10.1111/his.15006
PMID: 37488782
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Analysis of various ATP-binding cassette transporters revealed quantification of ABCB4 as a potential diagnostic tool in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Thoeni+C%22">Thoeni C</searchLink>; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Perciani+CT%22">Perciani CT</searchLink>; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nakib+D%22">Nakib D</searchLink>; Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Camat+D%22">Camat D</searchLink>; Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McGilvray+ID%22">McGilvray ID</searchLink>; Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22MacParland+SA%22">MacParland SA</searchLink>; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fischer+S%22">Fischer S</searchLink>; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%227704136%22">Histopathology</searchLink> [Histopathology] 2023 Oct; Vol. 83 (4), pp. 559-568. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2023 Jul 24.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Blackwell+Scientific+Publications%22">Blackwell Scientific Publications </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>7704136 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1365-2559 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2203090167%22">03090167 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Histopathology <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cholangitis%2C+Sclerosing%22">Cholangitis, Sclerosing*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cholangitis%2C+Sclerosing+diagnosis%22">diagnosis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cholangitis%2C+Sclerosing%22">Cholangitis, Sclerosing*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cholangitis%2C+Sclerosing+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Liver+Diseases%22">Liver Diseases*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22ATP-Binding+Cassette+Transporters%22">ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22ATP-Binding+Cassette+Transporters+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22ATP-Binding+Cassette+Transporters%22">ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22ATP-Binding+Cassette+Transporters+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Retrospective+Studies%22">Retrospective Studies</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22RNA-Binding+Proteins%22">RNA-Binding Proteins</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22ATP+Binding+Cassette+Transporter%2C+Subfamily+B%22">ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Aims: ATP-binding cassette transporters are important proteins in regulating bile constituent transport between hepatocytes and the bile canalicular system. Dysfunctional transporters lead to accumulation of toxic bile components within hepatocytes or the biliary system, known as cholestasis, resulting in liver damage. It has been previously reported that two particular ATP-binding cassette transporters, ABCB4 and ABCB11, have altered expression in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Interested in further analysis of expression patterns of ATP-binding cassette transporters in PSC patients, we investigated liver samples from 201 patients, including 43 patients with PSC and 51 patients with primary biliary cholangitis patients (PBC). In addition to ABCB4 and ABCB11, we also included other ATP-binding cassette transporters, to determine if upregulation of ABCB4 and ABCB11 is specifically found in the liver of patients with PSC.<br />Methods and Results: Retrospectively, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded liver biopsies, resections, and explants were selected to investigate the expression of ABCB1, ABCB4, ABCB11, ABCG5/8, and FXR1 using nanoString nCounter and immunohistochemistry for validation of differently expressed transporters seen in PSC liver samples in comparison to non-PSC liver specimens. Strikingly, ABCB4 was the only ATP-binding cassette transporter showing increased gene and protein expression in hepatocytes of PSC livers when compared to non-PSC liver specimens. Furthermore, ABCB4 protein expression also correlated with disease stage in PSC.<br />Conclusion: Our study concluded that altered ABCB4 expression is specifically seen in liver specimens of PSC patients. Therefore, quantitative ABCB4 analysis may be an additional useful tool for the histopathological diagnosis of PSC to distinguish this entity from other cholangiopathies.<br /> (© 2023 The Authors. Histopathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: Fath MJ, Kolter R. ABC transporters: bacterial exporters. Microbiol. Rev. 1993; 57; 995-1017.<br />Cuperus FJ, Claudel T, Gautherot J, Halilbasic E, Trauner M. The role of canalicular ABC transporters in cholestasis. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2014; 42; 546-560.<br />Stapelbroek JM, van Erpecum KJ, Klomp LW et al. Liver disease associated with canalicular transport defects: current and future therapies. J. Hepatol. 2010; 52; 258-271.<br />Amer S, Hajira A. A comprehensive review of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC): genetic disorders of hepatocanalicular transporters. Gastroenterol. Res. 2014; 7; 39-43.<br />Chan J, Vandeberg JL. Hepatobiliary transport in health and disease. Clin. Lipidol. 2012; 7; 189-202.<br />Häussinger D, Keitel V, Kubitz R. Hepatobiliary transport in health and disease. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter, 2017.<br />Sinha A, Bhuva M, Grant C et al. ABCB4 mutations in adults cause a spectrum cholestatic disorder histologically distinct from other biliary disease. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2022; 67; 5551-5561.<br />Anzivino C, Odoardi MR, Meschiari E et al. ABCB4 and ABCB11 mutations in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in an Italian population. Dig. Liver Dis. 2013; 45; 226-232.<br />Liu X, Zheng J, Xin S et al. Whole-exome sequencing expands the roles of novel mutations of organic anion transporting polypeptide, ATP-binding cassette transporter, and receptor genes in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Front. Genet. 2022; 13; 941027.<br />Thoeni C, Waldherr R, Scheuerer J et al. Expression analysis of ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCB11 and ABCB4 in primary sclerosing cholangitis and variety of pediatric and adult cholestatic and noncholestatic liver diseases. Can. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2019; 2019; 1085717.<br />Vesterhus M, Karlsen TH. Emerging therapies in primary sclerosing cholangitis: pathophysiological basis and clinical opportunities. J. Gastroenterol. 2020; 55; 588-614.<br />Purohit T, Cappell MS. Primary biliary cirrhosis: pathophysiology, clinical presentation and therapy. World J. Hepatol. 2015; 7; 926-941.<br />Mulinacci G, Palermo A, Gerussi A, Asselta R, Gershwin ME, Invernizzi P. New insights on the role of human leukocyte antigen complex in primary biliary cholangitis. Front. Immunol. 2022; 13; 975115.<br />Ludwig J. Small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis. Semin. Liver Dis. 1991; 11; 11-17.<br />Naess S, Björnsson E, Anmarkrud JA et al. Small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis without inflammatory bowel disease is genetically different from large duct disease. Liver Int. 2014; 34; 1488-1495.<br />Nguyen CM, Kline KT, Stevenson HL, Khan K, Parupudi S. Small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis: a discrete variant or a bridge to large duct disease, a practical review. World J. Hepatol. 2022; 14; 495-503.<br />Nakanuma Y, Harada K, Katayanagi K, Tsuneyama K, Sasaki M. Definition and pathology of primary sclerosing cholangitis. J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg. 1999; 6; 333-342.<br />Nakanuma Y, Zen Y, Harada K et al. Application of a new histological staging and grading system for primary biliary cirrhosis to liver biopsy specimens: interobserver agreement. Pathol. Int. 2010; 60; 167-174.<br />de Vries EM, de Krijger M, Färkkilä M et al. Validation of the prognostic value of histologic scoring systems in primary sclerosing cholangitis: an international cohort study. Hepatology 2017; 65; 907-919.<br />Mounajjed T, Oxentenko AS, Qureshi H, Smyrk TC. Revisiting the topic of histochemically detectable copper in various liver diseases with special focus on venous outflow impairment. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 2013; 139; 79-86.<br />Jain S, Scheuer PJ, Archer B, Newman SP, Sherlock S. Histological demonstration of copper and copper-associated protein in chronic liver diseases. J. Clin. Pathol. 1978; 31; 784-790.<br />Sakellariou S, Michaelides C, Voulgaris T et al. Keratin 7 expression in hepatic cholestatic diseases. Virchows Arch. 2021; 479; 815-824.<br />Crowe AR, Yue W. Semi-quantitative determination of protein expression using immunohistochemistry staining and analysis: an integrated protocol. Bio Protoc. 2019; 9; 1-11.<br />Trauner M, Fickert P, Halilbasic E, Moustafa T. Lessons from the toxic bile concept for the pathogenesis and treatment of cholestatic liver diseases. Wien. Med. Wochenschr. 2008; 158; 542-548.<br />Trauner M, Fickert P, Baghdasaryan A et al. New insights into autoimmune cholangitis through animal models. Dig. Dis. 2010; 28; 99-104.<br />Gotthardt D, Runz H, Keitel V et al. A mutation in the canalicular phospholipid transporter gene, ABCB4, is associated with cholestasis, ductopenia, and cirrhosis in adults. Hepatology 2008; 48; 1157-1166.<br />Stättermayer AF, Halilbasic E, Wrba F, Ferenci P, Trauner M. Variants in ABCB4 (MDR3) across the spectrum of cholestatic liver diseases in adults. J. Hepatol. 2020; 73; 651-663.<br />Popov Y, Patsenker E, Fickert P, Trauner M, Schuppan D. Mdr2 (Abcb4)−/− mice spontaneously develop severe biliary fibrosis via massive dysregulation of pro- and antifibrogenic genes. J. Hepatol. 2005; 43; 1045-1054.<br />Chazouillères O. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and bile acids. Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol. 2012; 36(Suppl 1); S21-S25.<br />Mousa OY, Juran BD, McCauley BM et al. Bile acid profiles in primary Sclerosing cholangitis and their ability to predict hepatic decompensation. Hepatology 2021; 74; 281-295.<br />Tilg H, Adolph TE, Trauner M. Gut-liver axis: pathophysiological concepts and clinical implications. Cell Metab. 2022; 34; 1700-1718.
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  Data: CRC Tier 2 in Liver Immunobiology (SAM); Graduate Fellowship (CGS-D) from CIHR (DN); LMP UHN Innovation Competition Grant 2020 (CT/SF); HIT168002 CIHR; PJT162098 CIHR; PJT162298 CIHR
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters metabolism
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      – TitleFull: Analysis of various ATP-binding cassette transporters revealed quantification of ABCB4 as a potential diagnostic tool in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).
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          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 83
            – Type: issue
              Value: 4
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Histopathology
              Type: main
ResultId 1