Academic Journal
The social odor scale: Development and initial validation of a new scale for the assessment of social odor awareness.
| Τίτλος: | The social odor scale: Development and initial validation of a new scale for the assessment of social odor awareness. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Dal Bò E; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy., Gentili C; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy., Spoto A; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy., Bruno G; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy., Castellani A; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy., Tripodi C; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy., Fischmeister FPS; Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Cecchetto C; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. |
| Πηγή: | PloS one [PLoS One] 2021 Dec 14; Vol. 16 (12), pp. e0260587. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 14 (Print Publication: 2021). |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Interpersonal Relations* , Pattern Recognition, Physiological*, Odorants/*analysis , Olfactory Perception/*physiology , Smell/*physiology, Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Research Design |
| Περίληψη: | The degree of attention individuals pay to olfactory cues (called odor awareness) influences the role of odors in everyday life. Particularly, odors produced by the human body (i.e., social odors) are able to carry a wide variety of information and to elicit a broad spectrum of emotional reactions, making them essential in interpersonal relationships. Hence, despite the assessment of awareness toward social odors is crucial, a proper tool is still lacking. Here, we designed and initially validated the Social Odor Scale (SOS), a 12-item scale designed to measure the individual differences in awareness towards different social odors. In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA; KMO test: MSA = 0.78; Bartlett's test: χ2(78) = 631.34, p < 0.001; Chi-squared test: χ2(42) = 71.84, p = 0.003) suggests that the three factors structure was the model that best fit with the Italian version of the scale. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supports a second-order model with one higher-order factor representing social odor awareness in general and three lower-order factors representing familiar, romantic partner, and stranger social odors. The final version of the scale presented a good fit (RMSEA = 0.012, SRMR = 0.069, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.997). In Study 2, CFA was performed in the German version of the scale confirming the validity of scale structure. Study 3 and 4 revealed that SOS total score and its subscales were positively correlated with other validated olfactory scales, but not with olfactory abilities. Moreover, SOS was found to be related to the gender of the participants: women reported to be more aware to social odors and, specifically, to familiar social odors than men. Overall, the results indicated that SOS is a valid and reliable instrument to assess awareness toward social odors in everyday life. |
| Competing Interests: | The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. |
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| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20211214 Date Completed: 20220106 Latest Revision: 20220106 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC8670672 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0260587 |
| PMID: | 34905551 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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