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The social odor scale: Development and initial validation of a new scale for the assessment of social odor awareness.

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Τίτλος: The social odor scale: Development and initial validation of a new scale for the assessment of social odor awareness.
Συγγραφείς: Dal Bò E; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy., Gentili C; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy., Spoto A; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy., Bruno G; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy., Castellani A; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy., Tripodi C; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy., Fischmeister FPS; Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Cecchetto C; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Πηγή: PloS one [PLoS One] 2021 Dec 14; Vol. 16 (12), pp. e0260587. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 14 (Print Publication: 2021).
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Interpersonal Relations* , Pattern Recognition, Physiological*, Odorants/*analysis , Olfactory Perception/*physiology , Smell/*physiology, Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Research Design
Περίληψη: The degree of attention individuals pay to olfactory cues (called odor awareness) influences the role of odors in everyday life. Particularly, odors produced by the human body (i.e., social odors) are able to carry a wide variety of information and to elicit a broad spectrum of emotional reactions, making them essential in interpersonal relationships. Hence, despite the assessment of awareness toward social odors is crucial, a proper tool is still lacking. Here, we designed and initially validated the Social Odor Scale (SOS), a 12-item scale designed to measure the individual differences in awareness towards different social odors. In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA; KMO test: MSA = 0.78; Bartlett's test: χ2(78) = 631.34, p < 0.001; Chi-squared test: χ2(42) = 71.84, p = 0.003) suggests that the three factors structure was the model that best fit with the Italian version of the scale. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supports a second-order model with one higher-order factor representing social odor awareness in general and three lower-order factors representing familiar, romantic partner, and stranger social odors. The final version of the scale presented a good fit (RMSEA = 0.012, SRMR = 0.069, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.997). In Study 2, CFA was performed in the German version of the scale confirming the validity of scale structure. Study 3 and 4 revealed that SOS total score and its subscales were positively correlated with other validated olfactory scales, but not with olfactory abilities. Moreover, SOS was found to be related to the gender of the participants: women reported to be more aware to social odors and, specifically, to familiar social odors than men. Overall, the results indicated that SOS is a valid and reliable instrument to assess awareness toward social odors in everyday life.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20211214 Date Completed: 20220106 Latest Revision: 20220106
Update Code: 20260130
PubMed Central ID: PMC8670672
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260587
PMID: 34905551
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: The degree of attention individuals pay to olfactory cues (called odor awareness) influences the role of odors in everyday life. Particularly, odors produced by the human body (i.e., social odors) are able to carry a wide variety of information and to elicit a broad spectrum of emotional reactions, making them essential in interpersonal relationships. Hence, despite the assessment of awareness toward social odors is crucial, a proper tool is still lacking. Here, we designed and initially validated the Social Odor Scale (SOS), a 12-item scale designed to measure the individual differences in awareness towards different social odors. In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA; KMO test: MSA = 0.78; Bartlett&#39;s test: χ2(78) = 631.34, p &amp;lt; 0.001; Chi-squared test: χ2(42) = 71.84, p = 0.003) suggests that the three factors structure was the model that best fit with the Italian version of the scale. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supports a second-order model with one higher-order factor representing social odor awareness in general and three lower-order factors representing familiar, romantic partner, and stranger social odors. The final version of the scale presented a good fit (RMSEA = 0.012, SRMR = 0.069, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.997). In Study 2, CFA was performed in the German version of the scale confirming the validity of scale structure. Study 3 and 4 revealed that SOS total score and its subscales were positively correlated with other validated olfactory scales, but not with olfactory abilities. Moreover, SOS was found to be related to the gender of the participants: women reported to be more aware to social odors and, specifically, to familiar social odors than men. Overall, the results indicated that SOS is a valid and reliable instrument to assess awareness toward social odors in everyday life.
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  Data: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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  Label: References
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        Value: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260587
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        StartPage: e0260587
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Adolescent
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adult
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humans
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      – SubjectFull: Male
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      – SubjectFull: Middle Aged
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      – SubjectFull: Research Design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interpersonal Relations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pattern Recognition, Physiological
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Odorants analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Olfactory Perception physiology
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      – SubjectFull: Smell physiology
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      – TitleFull: The social odor scale: Development and initial validation of a new scale for the assessment of social odor awareness.
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            – D: 14
              M: 12
              Text: 2021 Dec 14
              Type: published
              Y: 2021
          Identifiers:
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