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Evidence for the development of local anoxia during the Cambrian SPICE event in eastern North America.

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Title: Evidence for the development of local anoxia during the Cambrian SPICE event in eastern North America.
Authors: LeRoy MA; Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia., Gill BC; Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Source: Geobiology [Geobiology] 2019 Jul; Vol. 17 (4), pp. 381-400. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Feb 06.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101185472 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1472-4669 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14724669 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Geobiology Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Oxford, UK : Wiley, 2003-
MeSH Terms: Carbon Cycle* , Environment* , Evolution, Planetary* , Sulfur*, Geologic Sediments/*chemistry, Anaerobiosis ; Kentucky ; Ohio ; Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract: The later Cambrian Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) event was an episode marked by pronounced changes to the global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and sulfur and significant extinctions on several paleocontinents including Laurentia (North America). While the exact cause(s) of these events remains debated, various lines of evidence suggest an increase in the areal extent of anoxia at the seafloor was a likely feature. Here, we explore whether changes in local oxygenation accompanied the onset of the SPICE in southern Laurentia using cores of the Nolichucky and Eau Claire Formations from Ohio and Kentucky, USA, that represent a transect into the Rome Trough/Conasauga intrashelf basin. At our study locations, the initial positive δ13 C shift of the SPICE occurs in conjunction with increases in the abundance and δ34 S of sedimentary pyrite. Further local redox conditions, tracked using iron speciation analysis, indicate anoxic conditions developed at the two proximal locations after the start of the paired isotopic excursions. However, the location near the basin center shows no indication for anoxia before or during the onset of the SPICE. While this signal may reflect the structure of local redox conditions within the basin, with the development of anoxia limited to the basin margins, we argue that authigenic iron enrichments were muted by sedimentary dilution and/or the enhanced authigenesis of iron-bearing sheet silicates near the basin center, masking the signal for anoxia there. Regardless of the areal extent of anoxia within the basin, in either scenario the timing of the development of anoxic bottom waters was concurrent with local faunal turnover, features broadly consistent with a global expansion of anoxia playing a role in driving the isotopic trends and extinctions observed during the event.
(© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Cambrian; carbon isotopes; extinction; iron speciation; paleoredox; sulfur isotopes
Substance Nomenclature: 70FD1KFU70 (Sulfur)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20190208 Date Completed: 20191029 Latest Revision: 20191029
Update Code: 20260130
DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12334
PMID: 30729650
Database: MEDLINE
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  Data: Evidence for the development of local anoxia during the Cambrian SPICE event in eastern North America.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22LeRoy+MA%22">LeRoy MA</searchLink>; Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gill+BC%22">Gill BC</searchLink>; Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101185472%22">Geobiology</searchLink> [Geobiology] 2019 Jul; Vol. 17 (4), pp. 381-400. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2019 Feb 06.
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  Data: The later Cambrian Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) event was an episode marked by pronounced changes to the global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and sulfur and significant extinctions on several paleocontinents including Laurentia (North America). While the exact cause(s) of these events remains debated, various lines of evidence suggest an increase in the areal extent of anoxia at the seafloor was a likely feature. Here, we explore whether changes in local oxygenation accompanied the onset of the SPICE in southern Laurentia using cores of the Nolichucky and Eau Claire Formations from Ohio and Kentucky, USA, that represent a transect into the Rome Trough/Conasauga intrashelf basin. At our study locations, the initial positive δ<superscript>13</superscript> C shift of the SPICE occurs in conjunction with increases in the abundance and δ<superscript>34</superscript> S of sedimentary pyrite. Further local redox conditions, tracked using iron speciation analysis, indicate anoxic conditions developed at the two proximal locations after the start of the paired isotopic excursions. However, the location near the basin center shows no indication for anoxia before or during the onset of the SPICE. While this signal may reflect the structure of local redox conditions within the basin, with the development of anoxia limited to the basin margins, we argue that authigenic iron enrichments were muted by sedimentary dilution and/or the enhanced authigenesis of iron-bearing sheet silicates near the basin center, masking the signal for anoxia there. Regardless of the areal extent of anoxia within the basin, in either scenario the timing of the development of anoxic bottom waters was concurrent with local faunal turnover, features broadly consistent with a global expansion of anoxia playing a role in driving the isotopic trends and extinctions observed during the event.<br /> (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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              Text: 2019 Jul
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