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Comparing Self to Peers in Percentile Equivalents during Cognitive Testing: More Accurate Self-Appraisal Estimates are Associated with Greater Ability and Less Reliance on the Representativeness Heuristic.

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Τίτλος: Comparing Self to Peers in Percentile Equivalents during Cognitive Testing: More Accurate Self-Appraisal Estimates are Associated with Greater Ability and Less Reliance on the Representativeness Heuristic.
Συγγραφείς: Rothlind J; San Francisco VA Medical Center, Psychological Services (116B), San Francisco, CA, USA.; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA., Kraybill M; Cottage Rehabilitation Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA USA., Dukarm P; Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond VA, USA.
Πηγή: Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists [Arch Clin Neuropsychol] 2019 Jul 26; Vol. 34 (5), pp. 690-699.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9004255 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-5843 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08876177 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Arch Clin Neuropsychol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Oxford : Oxford University Press
Original Publication: New York : Pergamon Press, c1986-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Neuropsychological Tests*, Cognition/*physiology , Cognitive Dysfunction/*diagnosis , Executive Function/*physiology, Adult ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Female ; Heuristics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Self Concept
Περίληψη: Objective: For individuals with neurologic disorders, self-awareness of cognitive impairment is associated with indicators of better treatment course and clinical outcomes. Lower self-appraisal accuracy has been found to be associated with impairments in neuropsychological test performance, but individuals who perform unusually well may be equally vulnerable to inaccurate self-ratings. The mixed pattern of cognitive strengths and deficits in individuals with neurologic disorders complicates development of formal metrics for assessment of self-awareness. It remains unclear to what extent distortions in self-appraisal represent a deficit associated with impaired cognitive functioning, or a normal reliance on the "representativeness-heuristic" that results in greater bias in self-ratings in both strong and poor performers.
Method: The present study investigated these hypotheses using a common-metric approach (Rothlind, Dukarm, and Kraybill, 2016). Participants included 199 adults, recruited from community sources, including healthy adult volunteers and individuals at-risk for neuropsychological impairment secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive status or active heavy alcohol consumption or both. Immediately following completion of standardized neuropsychological tests, participants estimated their own performance percentile ranking.
Results: Both high and low-scoring examinees displayed a conservative bias in ranking their own neuropsychological performance. However, lower scores were associated with least accurate self-appraisals overall.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that cognitive impairments are associated with lower accuracy in self-rating of cognitive ability, but also that normal biases complicate interpretation of self-appraisal ratings across the spectrum of neuropsychological functioning. The importance of recognizing these biases in clinical research and practice is emphasized, and directions for future research are discussed.
(© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
References: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010 Feb;81(2):140-5. (PMID: 19204020)
Br J Clin Psychol. 2004 Jun;43(Pt 2):177-196. (PMID: 15169617)
J Rehabil Res Dev. 2007;44(7):937-50. (PMID: 18075951)
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1991 Nov;13(6):933-49. (PMID: 1779032)
Neuroimage. 2010 Feb 15;49(4):3358-64. (PMID: 19961939)
J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2005 Jan-Feb;20(1):19-29. (PMID: 15668568)
Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;2011:483897. (PMID: 21660200)
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005 Jan;11(1):70-83. (PMID: 15686610)
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1989 Mar;11(2):143-205. (PMID: 2647781)
Neuroreport. 2013 Mar 27;24(5):259-64. (PMID: 23407275)
Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2005 Sep;25(1):144-52. (PMID: 15919186)
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999 Dec;77(6):1121-34. (PMID: 10626367)
Neuropsychology. 2002 Jul;16(3):359-69. (PMID: 12146683)
Front Aging Neurosci. 2016 Jul 04;8:120. (PMID: 27458368)
Brain Inj. 1990 Jan-Mar;4(1):7-17. (PMID: 2297602)
Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2017 May 1;32(3):316-327. (PMID: 28034850)
Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 1996;11(4):329-38. (PMID: 14588937)
Neuropsychol Rev. 2005 Sep;15(3):147-66. (PMID: 16328733)
J Cogn Neurosci. 1991 Spring;3(2):183-7. (PMID: 23972092)
Neurocase. 2011 Jun;17(3):231-41. (PMID: 21667396)
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2008 May;14(3):436-45. (PMID: 18419842)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Assessment; Executive functions; Implicit/explicit processing; Metacognition; Rehabilitation; Test construction
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20181012 Date Completed: 20200423 Latest Revision: 20200423
Update Code: 20260130
PubMed Central ID: PMC6659169
DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy077
PMID: 30307476
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Comparing Self to Peers in Percentile Equivalents during Cognitive Testing: More Accurate Self-Appraisal Estimates are Associated with Greater Ability and Less Reliance on the Representativeness Heuristic.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rothlind+J%22">Rothlind J</searchLink>; San Francisco VA Medical Center, Psychological Services (116B), San Francisco, CA, USA.; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kraybill+M%22">Kraybill M</searchLink>; Cottage Rehabilitation Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dukarm+P%22">Dukarm P</searchLink>; Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond VA, USA.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229004255%22">Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists</searchLink> [Arch Clin Neuropsychol] 2019 Jul 26; Vol. 34 (5), pp. 690-699.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Oxford+University+Press%22">Oxford University Press </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>United States <i>NLM ID: </i>9004255 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1873-5843 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2208876177%22">08876177 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Arch Clin Neuropsychol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: Objective: For individuals with neurologic disorders, self-awareness of cognitive impairment is associated with indicators of better treatment course and clinical outcomes. Lower self-appraisal accuracy has been found to be associated with impairments in neuropsychological test performance, but individuals who perform unusually well may be equally vulnerable to inaccurate self-ratings. The mixed pattern of cognitive strengths and deficits in individuals with neurologic disorders complicates development of formal metrics for assessment of self-awareness. It remains unclear to what extent distortions in self-appraisal represent a deficit associated with impaired cognitive functioning, or a normal reliance on the "representativeness-heuristic" that results in greater bias in self-ratings in both strong and poor performers.<br />Method: The present study investigated these hypotheses using a common-metric approach (Rothlind, Dukarm, and Kraybill, 2016). Participants included 199 adults, recruited from community sources, including healthy adult volunteers and individuals at-risk for neuropsychological impairment secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive status or active heavy alcohol consumption or both. Immediately following completion of standardized neuropsychological tests, participants estimated their own performance percentile ranking.<br />Results: Both high and low-scoring examinees displayed a conservative bias in ranking their own neuropsychological performance. However, lower scores were associated with least accurate self-appraisals overall.<br />Conclusion: Findings suggest that cognitive impairments are associated with lower accuracy in self-rating of cognitive ability, but also that normal biases complicate interpretation of self-appraisal ratings across the spectrum of neuropsychological functioning. The importance of recognizing these biases in clinical research and practice is emphasized, and directions for future research are discussed.<br /> (© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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  Data: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010 Feb;81(2):140-5. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219204020%22">19204020)</searchLink><br />Br J Clin Psychol. 2004 Jun;43(Pt 2):177-196. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215169617%22">15169617)</searchLink><br />J Rehabil Res Dev. 2007;44(7):937-50. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218075951%22">18075951)</searchLink><br />J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1991 Nov;13(6):933-49. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%221779032%22">1779032)</searchLink><br />Neuroimage. 2010 Feb 15;49(4):3358-64. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219961939%22">19961939)</searchLink><br />J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2005 Jan-Feb;20(1):19-29. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215668568%22">15668568)</searchLink><br />Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;2011:483897. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221660200%22">21660200)</searchLink><br />J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005 Jan;11(1):70-83. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215686610%22">15686610)</searchLink><br />J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1989 Mar;11(2):143-205. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%222647781%22">2647781)</searchLink><br />Neuroreport. 2013 Mar 27;24(5):259-64. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223407275%22">23407275)</searchLink><br />Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2005 Sep;25(1):144-52. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215919186%22">15919186)</searchLink><br />J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999 Dec;77(6):1121-34. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210626367%22">10626367)</searchLink><br />Neuropsychology. 2002 Jul;16(3):359-69. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2212146683%22">12146683)</searchLink><br />Front Aging Neurosci. 2016 Jul 04;8:120. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227458368%22">27458368)</searchLink><br />Brain Inj. 1990 Jan-Mar;4(1):7-17. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%222297602%22">2297602)</searchLink><br />Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2017 May 1;32(3):316-327. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228034850%22">28034850)</searchLink><br />Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 1996;11(4):329-38. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2214588937%22">14588937)</searchLink><br />Neuropsychol Rev. 2005 Sep;15(3):147-66. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216328733%22">16328733)</searchLink><br />J Cogn Neurosci. 1991 Spring;3(2):183-7. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223972092%22">23972092)</searchLink><br />Neurocase. 2011 Jun;17(3):231-41. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221667396%22">21667396)</searchLink><br />J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2008 May;14(3):436-45. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218419842%22">18419842)</searchLink>
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