Academic Journal
BEYOND AVERAGES: HETEROGENEOUS EFFECTS OF GENDER WAGE DISPARITIES ON WOMEN’S EMPLOYMENT IN TÜRKİYE.
| Τίτλος: | BEYOND AVERAGES: HETEROGENEOUS EFFECTS OF GENDER WAGE DISPARITIES ON WOMEN’S EMPLOYMENT IN TÜRKİYE. |
|---|---|
| Alternate Title: | ORTALAMALARIN ÖTESİNDE: TÜRKİYE'DE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYETE DAYALI ÜCRET EŞİTSİZLİKLERİNİN KADIN İSTİHDAMI ÜZERİNDEKİ HETEROJEN ETKİLERİ. |
| Συγγραφείς: | ÖZOCAKLI, Demet dozocakli@gantep.edu.tr |
| Πηγή: | Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar. haz2026, Vol. 63 Issue 676, p155-179. 25p. |
| Θεματικοί όροι: | *Women's employment, *Wage differentials, *Labor market, *Occupational segregation, *Gender wage gap, Quantile regression, Fixed effects model |
| Γεωγραφικοί όροι: | Türkiye |
| Abstract (English): | This study analyses how inter-occupational wage inequalities in Turkey during the period 2014–2023 are related to female employment, and how this relationship varies across the employment distribution. A quantile regression approach, estimated using a Panel Fixed Effects Model with (HAC) standard errors, was employed. It was found that occupational wage inequalities did not show a significant relationship at the mean level, but became positive and statistically significant at the median and upper quantiles (τ = 0.50 and τ = 0.75); whereas no significant relationship was found in the lower quantile (τ = 0.25). These findings indicate that wage inequalities have more pronounced and heterogeneous effects, particularly in occupations with high levels of female employment. Whilst an upward trend in female employment has been observed in the post-pandemic period, it has been demonstrated that women remain under-represented in high-skill and managerial positions. Moving beyond average effect analyses, a distribution-based approach is presented, providing evidence of structural and occupational segregation in the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Abstract (Turkish): | Bu çalışmada 2014–2023 döneminde Türkiye’de meslekler arası ücret eşitsizliklerinin kadın istihdamı ile nasıl ilişkilendiği ve bu ilişkinin istihdam dağılımı boyunca nasıl farklılaştığı analiz edilmektedir. Panel Sabit Etkiler Modeli ve (HAC) standart hataları ile tahmin edilen kuantil regresyon yaklaşımı kullanılmış, mesleki ücret eşitsizliklerinin ortalama düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki göstermediği, ancak medyan ve üst kantillerde (τ = 0.50 ve τ = 0.75) pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı hale geldiği tespit edilmiştir; buna karşılık alt kantilde (τ = 0.25) anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamaktadır. Bu bulgular, ücret eşitsizliklerinin özellikle kadın istihdamının yüksek olduğu mesleklerde daha belirgin ve heterojen etkiler yarattığını göstermektedir. Pandemi sonrası dönemde kadın istihdamında artış eğilimi gözlenirken, kadınların yüksek beceri ve yönetici pozisyonlarda hâlen yetersiz temsil edildiği ortaya konulmaktadır. Ortalama etki analizlerinin ötesine geçilerek dağılım temelli bir yaklaşım sunulmakta, işgücü piyasasındaki yapısal ve mesleki ayrışmaya ilişkin kanıtlar sağlamaktadır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar is the property of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekomomik Yorumlar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | Business Source Index |
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| Header | DbId: bsx DbLabel: Business Source Index An: 195163039 RelevancyScore: 1435 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 1435 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: BEYOND AVERAGES: HETEROGENEOUS EFFECTS OF GENDER WAGE DISPARITIES ON WOMEN’S EMPLOYMENT IN TÜRKİYE. – Name: TitleAlt Label: Alternate Title Group: TiAlt Data: ORTALAMALARIN ÖTESİNDE: TÜRKİYE'DE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYETE DAYALI ÜCRET EŞİTSİZLİKLERİNİN KADIN İSTİHDAMI ÜZERİNDEKİ HETEROJEN ETKİLERİ. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22ÖZOCAKLI%2C+Demet%22">ÖZOCAKLI, Demet</searchLink><i> dozocakli@gantep.edu.tr</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Financial+Politic+%26+Economic+Reviews+%2F+Finans+Politik+%26+Ekonomik+Yorumlar%22">Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar</searchLink>. haz2026, Vol. 63 Issue 676, p155-179. 25p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Women's+employment%22">Women's employment</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wage+differentials%22">Wage differentials</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Labor+market%22">Labor market</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Occupational+segregation%22">Occupational segregation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+wage+gap%22">Gender wage gap</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantile+regression%22">Quantile regression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fixed+effects+model%22">Fixed effects model</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Türkiye%22">Türkiye</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract (English) Group: Ab Data: This study analyses how inter-occupational wage inequalities in Turkey during the period 2014–2023 are related to female employment, and how this relationship varies across the employment distribution. A quantile regression approach, estimated using a Panel Fixed Effects Model with (HAC) standard errors, was employed. It was found that occupational wage inequalities did not show a significant relationship at the mean level, but became positive and statistically significant at the median and upper quantiles (τ = 0.50 and τ = 0.75); whereas no significant relationship was found in the lower quantile (τ = 0.25). These findings indicate that wage inequalities have more pronounced and heterogeneous effects, particularly in occupations with high levels of female employment. Whilst an upward trend in female employment has been observed in the post-pandemic period, it has been demonstrated that women remain under-represented in high-skill and managerial positions. Moving beyond average effect analyses, a distribution-based approach is presented, providing evidence of structural and occupational segregation in the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract (Turkish) Group: Ab Data: Bu çalışmada 2014–2023 döneminde Türkiye’de meslekler arası ücret eşitsizliklerinin kadın istihdamı ile nasıl ilişkilendiği ve bu ilişkinin istihdam dağılımı boyunca nasıl farklılaştığı analiz edilmektedir. Panel Sabit Etkiler Modeli ve (HAC) standart hataları ile tahmin edilen kuantil regresyon yaklaşımı kullanılmış, mesleki ücret eşitsizliklerinin ortalama düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki göstermediği, ancak medyan ve üst kantillerde (τ = 0.50 ve τ = 0.75) pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı hale geldiği tespit edilmiştir; buna karşılık alt kantilde (τ = 0.25) anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamaktadır. Bu bulgular, ücret eşitsizliklerinin özellikle kadın istihdamının yüksek olduğu mesleklerde daha belirgin ve heterojen etkiler yarattığını göstermektedir. Pandemi sonrası dönemde kadın istihdamında artış eğilimi gözlenirken, kadınların yüksek beceri ve yönetici pozisyonlarda hâlen yetersiz temsil edildiği ortaya konulmaktadır. Ortalama etki analizlerinin ötesine geçilerek dağılım temelli bir yaklaşım sunulmakta, işgücü piyasasındaki yapısal ve mesleki ayrışmaya ilişkin kanıtlar sağlamaktadır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar is the property of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekomomik Yorumlar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 25 StartPage: 155 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Women's employment Type: general – SubjectFull: Wage differentials Type: general – SubjectFull: Labor market Type: general – SubjectFull: Occupational segregation Type: general – SubjectFull: Gender wage gap Type: general – SubjectFull: Quantile regression Type: general – SubjectFull: Fixed effects model Type: general – SubjectFull: Türkiye Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: BEYOND AVERAGES: HETEROGENEOUS EFFECTS OF GENDER WAGE DISPARITIES ON WOMEN’S EMPLOYMENT IN TÜRKİYE. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: ÖZOCAKLI, Demet IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 06 Text: haz2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 13077112 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 63 – Type: issue Value: 676 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar Type: main |
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