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Clinical and Demographic Characterization of Tinnitus and Factors Associated With Discomfort in a Large Sample of Patients Evaluated in Bogotá, Colombia.

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Title: Clinical and Demographic Characterization of Tinnitus and Factors Associated With Discomfort in a Large Sample of Patients Evaluated in Bogotá, Colombia.
Authors: Pabón Ochoa, German Alejandro1 audio.alejandropabon@gmail.com, Parra Pinto, Miguel Humberto2
Source: American Journal of Audiology. Sep2026, Vol. 35 Issue 3, p1164-1177. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Self-evaluation, *Pearson correlation (Statistics), *Psychological distress, *T-test (Statistics), *Data analysis, *Research funding, *Noise, *Questionnaires, *Visual analog scale, *Sex distribution, *Symptom burden, *Tertiary care, *Retrospective studies, *Descriptive statistics, *Mann Whitney U Test, *Population geography, *Anxiety, *Tinnitus, *Quality of life, *Medical records, *Acquisition of data, *Statistics, *Psychological stress, *Sociodemographic factors, *Data analysis software, *Migraine, *Mental depression, *Activities of daily living
Geographic Terms: Colombia
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clinically and demographically characterize tinnitus in a large sample of patients evaluated in Bogotá, Colombia, and to analyze the factors associated with the level of discomfort. Method: A total of 763 medical histories of adults seen between 2018 and 2024 at a specialized tinnitus center were analyzed. Demographic, clinical, and audiological data were collected, in addition to scores from self-report instruments (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale, and percentages of awareness and irritability). A synthetic discomfort index was constructed by utilizing principal component analysis, and subgroup comparisons and correlation analyses were carried out. Results: In the studied sample, the most frequent presentation was nonpulsatile, constant, sudden-onset, bilateral tinnitus, with a median duration of 18 months, primarily affecting sleep and concentration. Besides, both noise exposure and stress were mentioned as triggering factors that increased discomfort. Higher distress levels were observed in women, individuals from cities other than Bogotá, and those reporting a history of migraine or headache, stress, anxiety, or depression; clinically estimated higher noise exposure; or prior tinnitus treatments. Moreover, tinnitus-related discomfort showed a positive correlation with symptom duration and with the number of affected daily-life activities. Conclusions: These findings contribute to a better understanding of the tinnitus profile in the Colombian population and provide useful evidence to guide intervention strategies. The observed associations underscore the need for comprehensive, individualized management approaches and for continued research on the factors that may influence its progression and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Academic Search Index
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  Data: Clinical and Demographic Characterization of Tinnitus and Factors Associated With Discomfort in a Large Sample of Patients Evaluated in Bogotá, Colombia.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Audiology%22">American Journal of Audiology</searchLink>. Sep2026, Vol. 35 Issue 3, p1164-1177. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Colombia%22">Colombia</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clinically and demographically characterize tinnitus in a large sample of patients evaluated in Bogotá, Colombia, and to analyze the factors associated with the level of discomfort. Method: A total of 763 medical histories of adults seen between 2018 and 2024 at a specialized tinnitus center were analyzed. Demographic, clinical, and audiological data were collected, in addition to scores from self-report instruments (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale, and percentages of awareness and irritability). A synthetic discomfort index was constructed by utilizing principal component analysis, and subgroup comparisons and correlation analyses were carried out. Results: In the studied sample, the most frequent presentation was nonpulsatile, constant, sudden-onset, bilateral tinnitus, with a median duration of 18 months, primarily affecting sleep and concentration. Besides, both noise exposure and stress were mentioned as triggering factors that increased discomfort. Higher distress levels were observed in women, individuals from cities other than Bogotá, and those reporting a history of migraine or headache, stress, anxiety, or depression; clinically estimated higher noise exposure; or prior tinnitus treatments. Moreover, tinnitus-related discomfort showed a positive correlation with symptom duration and with the number of affected daily-life activities. Conclusions: These findings contribute to a better understanding of the tinnitus profile in the Colombian population and provide useful evidence to guide intervention strategies. The observed associations underscore the need for comprehensive, individualized management approaches and for continued research on the factors that may influence its progression and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2026_AJA-25-00322
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 1164
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Colombia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self-evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pearson correlation (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological distress
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Noise
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Visual analog scale
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Symptom burden
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tertiary care
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Retrospective studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mann Whitney U Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Population geography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anxiety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tinnitus
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quality of life
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      – SubjectFull: Medical records
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      – SubjectFull: Acquisition of data
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      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological stress
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sociodemographic factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Migraine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental depression
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Activities of daily living
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Clinical and Demographic Characterization of Tinnitus and Factors Associated With Discomfort in a Large Sample of Patients Evaluated in Bogotá, Colombia.
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            NameFull: Pabón Ochoa, German Alejandro
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            NameFull: Parra Pinto, Miguel Humberto
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            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 35
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            – TitleFull: American Journal of Audiology
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