Academic Journal
Obtaining Scintrex CG6 Gravimeter Scale Factors with an Uncertainty Below 1 · 10 - 5 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${1\cdot 10}^{-5}$$\end{document}
| Τίτλος: | Obtaining Scintrex CG6 Gravimeter Scale Factors with an Uncertainty Below |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Achmüller, K.1,2 (AUTHOR) k.achmueller@tu-berlin.de, Timmen, L.3 (AUTHOR) timmen@ife.uni-hannover.de, Wziontek, H.4 (AUTHOR) hartmut.wziontek@bkg.bund.de, Gerlach, C.5 (AUTHOR) gerlach@badw.de, Voigt, C.2 (AUTHOR) christian.voigt@gfz.de |
| Πηγή: | Pure & Applied Geophysics. Sep2026, p1-13. 13p. |
| Θεματικοί όροι: | *Gravimeters (Geophysical instruments), *Calibration, *Measurement errors, *Alpine regions, *Hydrology, *Gravimetry |
| Γεωγραφικοί όροι: | Alps |
| Περίληψη: | Transportable spring gravimeters have many applications besides exploration geophysics and potential field determination, such as time-lapse measurements in hydrology and volcanology. For maximum accuracy, the time-dependent scale factor of each gravimeter must be determined before and after use. The required scale uncertainty depends on the target signals, the maximum gravity difference in the network, and the desired level of accuracy. In high alpine regions, large height differences can result in gravity differences of more than 1·106\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$1\cdot {10}^{6}$$\end{document} nm/s2. For a target standard deviation of 30\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$30$$\end{document} nm/s2, the scale factor must be determined with an uncertainty below 1·10-5\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$1\cdot {10}^{-5}$$\end{document}. The Zugspitze Calibration System, near Garmisch-Partenkirchen in the German Alps, consists of three absolute gravity (AG) stations that cover an elevation range of 2,200\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\text{2,200}$$\end{document} m and a gravity range of 5,220\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\text{5,220}$$\end{document} µm/s2. Due to unmodeled temporary gravity changes, primarily caused by variations in snow water equivalent and groundwater, the system has a relative stability of approximately 5·10-5\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$5\cdot {10}^{-5}$$\end{document}. Based on 91 measurements taken over 28 months using two Scintrex CG6 spring gravimeters in this calibration system, we present two modeling approaches that attribute the observed gravity changes to either temporal variations in the instrumental scale factor or hydrological mass variations. The results demonstrate that a scale uncertainty of 5·10-6\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$5\cdot {10}^{-6}$$\end{document} can be achieved. This study underscores the importance of determining the temporal gravity variations at each AG reference point of a calibration line when a scale uncertainty below 1·10-5\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$1\cdot {10}^{-5}$$\end{document} is required, e.g., when using transportable spring gravimeters in high alpine regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | Academic Search Index |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 CustomLinks: – Url: https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00024-026-04110-z Name: EDS - Springer Nature Journals (s7799221) Category: fullText Text: View record at Springer – Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com/c/fiv2js/result?sid=EBSCO:asx&genre=article&issn=00334553&ISBN=&volume=&issue=&date=20260906&spage=1&pages=1-13&title=Pure & Applied Geophysics&atitle=Obtaining%20Scintrex%20CG6%20Gravimeter%20Scale%20Factors%20with%20an%20Uncertainty%20Below%20%3Cinline-formula%20id%3D%22IEq1%22%3E%3Calternatives%3E%3Cmml%3Amath%20id%3D%22IEq1_Math%22%20xmlns%3Amml%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmml%3Amsup%3E%3Cmml%3Amrow%3E%3Cmml%3Amn%3E1%3C%2Fmml%3Amn%3E%3Cmml%3Amo%3E%C2%B7%3C%2Fmml%3Amo%3E%3Cmml%3Amn%3E10%3C%2Fmml%3Amn%3E%3C%2Fmml%3Amrow%3E%3Cmml%3Amrow%3E%3Cmml%3Amo%3E-%3C%2Fmml%3Amo%3E%3Cmml%3Amn%3E5%3C%2Fmml%3Amn%3E%3C%2Fmml%3Amrow%3E%3C%2Fmml%3Amsup%3E%3C%2Fmml%3Amath%3E%3Ctex-math%20id%3D%22IEq1_TeX%22%3E%5Cdocumentclass%5B12pt%5D%7Bminimal%7D%20%5Cusepackage%7Bamsmath%7D%20%5Cusepackage%7Bwasysym%7D%20%5Cusepackage%7Bamsfonts%7D%20%5Cusepackage%7Bamssymb%7D%20%5Cusepackage%7Bamsbsy%7D%20%5Cusepackage%7Bmathrsfs%7D%20%5Cusepackage%7Bupgreek%7D%20%5Csetlength%7B%5Coddsidemargin%7D%7B-69pt%7D%20%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%24%24%7B1%5Ccdot%2010%7D%5E%7B-5%7D%24%24%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D%3C%2Ftex-math%3E%3C%2Falternatives%3E%3C%2Finline-formula%3E%20in%20the%20Zugspitze%20Gravimeter%20Calibration%20System.&aulast=Achm%C3%BCller%2C%20K.&id=DOI:10.1007/s00024-026-04110-z Name: Full Text Finder (for New FTF UI) (ns324271) Category: fullText Text: Full Text Finder MouseOverText: Full Text Finder |
|---|---|
| Header | DbId: asx DbLabel: Academic Search Index An: 196735273 RelevancyScore: 1452 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 1452.42761230469 |
| IllustrationInfo | |
| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Obtaining Scintrex CG6 Gravimeter Scale Factors with an Uncertainty Below <inline-formula id="IEq1"><alternatives><mml:math id="IEq1_Math" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>·</mml:mo><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math><tex-math id="IEq1_TeX">\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${1\cdot 10}^{-5}$$\end{document}</tex-math></alternatives></inline-formula> in the Zugspitze Gravimeter Calibration System. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Achmüller%2C+K%2E%22">Achmüller, K.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> k.achmueller@tu-berlin.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Timmen%2C+L%2E%22">Timmen, L.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> timmen@ife.uni-hannover.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wziontek%2C+H%2E%22">Wziontek, H.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hartmut.wziontek@bkg.bund.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gerlach%2C+C%2E%22">Gerlach, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> gerlach@badw.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Voigt%2C+C%2E%22">Voigt, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> christian.voigt@gfz.de</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Pure+%26+Applied+Geophysics%22">Pure & Applied Geophysics</searchLink>. Sep2026, p1-13. 13p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gravimeters+%28Geophysical+instruments%29%22">Gravimeters (Geophysical instruments)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calibration%22">Calibration</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Measurement+errors%22">Measurement errors</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alpine+regions%22">Alpine regions</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrology%22">Hydrology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gravimetry%22">Gravimetry</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alps%22">Alps</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Transportable spring gravimeters have many applications besides exploration geophysics and potential field determination, such as time-lapse measurements in hydrology and volcanology. For maximum accuracy, the time-dependent scale factor of each gravimeter must be determined before and after use. The required scale uncertainty depends on the target signals, the maximum gravity difference in the network, and the desired level of accuracy. In high alpine regions, large height differences can result in gravity differences of more than 1·106\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$1\cdot {10}^{6}$$\end{document} nm/s2. For a target standard deviation of 30\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$30$$\end{document} nm/s2, the scale factor must be determined with an uncertainty below 1·10-5\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$1\cdot {10}^{-5}$$\end{document}. The Zugspitze Calibration System, near Garmisch-Partenkirchen in the German Alps, consists of three absolute gravity (AG) stations that cover an elevation range of 2,200\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\text{2,200}$$\end{document} m and a gravity range of 5,220\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\text{5,220}$$\end{document} µm/s2. Due to unmodeled temporary gravity changes, primarily caused by variations in snow water equivalent and groundwater, the system has a relative stability of approximately 5·10-5\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$5\cdot {10}^{-5}$$\end{document}. Based on 91 measurements taken over 28 months using two Scintrex CG6 spring gravimeters in this calibration system, we present two modeling approaches that attribute the observed gravity changes to either temporal variations in the instrumental scale factor or hydrological mass variations. The results demonstrate that a scale uncertainty of 5·10-6\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$5\cdot {10}^{-6}$$\end{document} can be achieved. This study underscores the importance of determining the temporal gravity variations at each AG reference point of a calibration line when a scale uncertainty below 1·10-5\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$1\cdot {10}^{-5}$$\end{document} is required, e.g., when using transportable spring gravimeters in high alpine regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=asx&AN=196735273 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00024-026-04110-z Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 13 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Alps Type: general – SubjectFull: Gravimeters (Geophysical instruments) Type: general – SubjectFull: Calibration Type: general – SubjectFull: Measurement errors Type: general – SubjectFull: Alpine regions Type: general – SubjectFull: Hydrology Type: general – SubjectFull: Gravimetry Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Obtaining Scintrex CG6 Gravimeter Scale Factors with an Uncertainty Below <inline-formula id="IEq1"><alternatives><mml:math id="IEq1_Math" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>·</mml:mo><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math><tex-math id="IEq1_TeX">\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${1\cdot 10}^{-5}$$\end{document}</tex-math></alternatives></inline-formula> in the Zugspitze Gravimeter Calibration System. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Achmüller, K. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Timmen, L. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wziontek, H. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gerlach, C. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Voigt, C. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 06 M: 09 Text: Sep2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00334553 Titles: – TitleFull: Pure & Applied Geophysics Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |