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Vacuum Infusion as a Processing Route for Transparent Wood Laminates.

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Τίτλος: Vacuum Infusion as a Processing Route for Transparent Wood Laminates.
Συγγραφείς: Pires, Letícia Zimermann1 (AUTHOR) leticiazimermann@ufpr.br, Santos, Ohayna Lisboa2 (AUTHOR), Ferreira, Wagner Müller2 (AUTHOR), Gatto, Darci Alberto3 (AUTHOR), Amico, Sandro Campos4 (AUTHOR), Carneiro, Mayara Elita Braz1 (AUTHOR), de Cademartori, Pedro Henrique Gonzalez1 (AUTHOR), Acosta, Andrey Pereira1,2 (AUTHOR)
Πηγή: Polymer Composites. 9/10/2026, Vol. 47 Issue 17, p15441-15455. 15p.
Θεματικοί όροι: *Composite material manufacturing, *Light transmission, *Tensile strength, *Laminated materials, *Fibrous composites, *Thermal stability, *Composite materials
Περίληψη: Transparent wood (TW) has attracted increasing attention as a bio‐based material for daylighting and building‐envelope applications due to its optical functionality, low thermal conductivity, and favorable strength‐to‐weight ratio. However, its practical implementation remains limited by challenges associated with polymer impregnation, interfacial cohesion, and thickness‐dependent performance degradation. In this study, the vacuum infusion process (VIP), a well‐established manufacturing technique in composite engineering, is systematically evaluated as a processing route for the fabrication of TW laminates from Pinus elliottii veneers and epoxy resin. Partial delignification achieved an ~88% reduction in lignin content, promoting effective resin infiltration into the wood cellular structure. Optical characterization revealed high transmittance in thin laminates, reaching up to 97% at 700 nm for single‐layer transparent wood (TW‐1). With increasing laminate thickness, transmittance decreased by ~22%, ~25%, and ~65% for TW‐2, TW‐3, and TW‐5, respectively, primarily due to increased optical path length and cumulative interfacial scattering. Thermal analysis indicated that epoxy impregnation partially compensated for the reduced thermal stability of delignified wood. Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated effective stress transfer and strong interfacial synergy in thin and intermediate laminates, while tensile testing showed that TW‐1 exhibited a 25% increase in strength compared to natural wood and a 258% increase relative to neat epoxy. Overall, the results demonstrate that vacuum infusion is a viable and scalable processing route for the fabrication of TW laminates for non‐structural building components, while also revealing critical thickness‐dependent limitations that must be addressed to enable reliable application in daylighting and architectural systems. Highlights: Transparent wood laminates fabricated by vacuum infusion processing.VIP enabled homogeneous resin impregnation and strong interfaces.Single‐layer laminates reached 97% transmittance and high strength.Epoxy impregnation improved thermal and hygroscopic stability.Potential bio‐based polymer–wood composites for building uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: Vacuum Infusion as a Processing Route for Transparent Wood Laminates.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymer+Composites%22">Polymer Composites</searchLink>. 9/10/2026, Vol. 47 Issue 17, p15441-15455. 15p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Composite+material+manufacturing%22">Composite material manufacturing</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Light+transmission%22">Light transmission</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tensile+strength%22">Tensile strength</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laminated+materials%22">Laminated materials</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fibrous+composites%22">Fibrous composites</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stability%22">Thermal stability</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Composite+materials%22">Composite materials</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Transparent wood (TW) has attracted increasing attention as a bio‐based material for daylighting and building‐envelope applications due to its optical functionality, low thermal conductivity, and favorable strength‐to‐weight ratio. However, its practical implementation remains limited by challenges associated with polymer impregnation, interfacial cohesion, and thickness‐dependent performance degradation. In this study, the vacuum infusion process (VIP), a well‐established manufacturing technique in composite engineering, is systematically evaluated as a processing route for the fabrication of TW laminates from Pinus elliottii veneers and epoxy resin. Partial delignification achieved an ~88% reduction in lignin content, promoting effective resin infiltration into the wood cellular structure. Optical characterization revealed high transmittance in thin laminates, reaching up to 97% at 700 nm for single‐layer transparent wood (TW‐1). With increasing laminate thickness, transmittance decreased by ~22%, ~25%, and ~65% for TW‐2, TW‐3, and TW‐5, respectively, primarily due to increased optical path length and cumulative interfacial scattering. Thermal analysis indicated that epoxy impregnation partially compensated for the reduced thermal stability of delignified wood. Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated effective stress transfer and strong interfacial synergy in thin and intermediate laminates, while tensile testing showed that TW‐1 exhibited a 25% increase in strength compared to natural wood and a 258% increase relative to neat epoxy. Overall, the results demonstrate that vacuum infusion is a viable and scalable processing route for the fabrication of TW laminates for non‐structural building components, while also revealing critical thickness‐dependent limitations that must be addressed to enable reliable application in daylighting and architectural systems. Highlights: Transparent wood laminates fabricated by vacuum infusion processing.VIP enabled homogeneous resin impregnation and strong interfaces.Single‐layer laminates reached 97% transmittance and high strength.Epoxy impregnation improved thermal and hygroscopic stability.Potential bio‐based polymer–wood composites for building uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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        Value: 10.1002/pc.71297
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 15441
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      – SubjectFull: Light transmission
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      – SubjectFull: Tensile strength
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      – SubjectFull: Laminated materials
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      – SubjectFull: Fibrous composites
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      – SubjectFull: Thermal stability
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      – SubjectFull: Composite materials
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      – TitleFull: Vacuum Infusion as a Processing Route for Transparent Wood Laminates.
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              M: 09
              Text: 9/10/2026
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              Y: 2026
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