Academic Journal
Hierarchical and Fractal-Inspired Mechanical Metamaterials: A Mechanics-Oriented Review of Multiscale Design, Strength, Deformation, and Energy Absorption.
| Title: | Hierarchical and Fractal-Inspired Mechanical Metamaterials: A Mechanics-Oriented Review of Multiscale Design, Strength, Deformation, and Energy Absorption. |
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| Authors: | Diliūnas, Saulius1 (AUTHOR) saulius.diliunas@ktu.lt, Leišis, Vitalis1 (AUTHOR), Pilkaitė, Tilmutė1 (AUTHOR), Skiedraitė, Inga1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Materials (1996-1944). Aug2026, Vol. 19 Issue 16, p3432. 39p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Metamaterials, *Energy dissipation, *Fracture mechanics, *Deformations (Mechanics) |
| Abstract: | Classical continuum descriptions based on homogenized parameters, such as modulus and relative density, become inadequate when performance is governed by deliberately engineered multiscale architecture rather than by composition, as in hierarchical and fractal-inspired mechanical metamaterials. In these materials, geometry couples deformation across length scales in ways that single-scale models cannot capture. This review synthesizes theoretical, numerical, and experimental literature published mainly over the last two decades, with emphasis on the last five years. It draws preferentially on peer-reviewed journal articles and highly cited studies; strictly periodic single-scale metamaterials and general electromagnetic–metamaterial literature are cited only where needed to establish historical context and are not otherwise within the scope of this review. The specific contribution of this review is threefold: (i) a mechanics-oriented classification of hierarchical and fractal-inspired architectures according to the deformation mechanism they activate (bending-, stretching-, membrane-, or buckling-dominated), rather than by geometric appearance alone; (ii) an explicit structure-mechanism-property-function framework linking multiscale geometry to strength, failure evolution, and energy absorption, tested against automotive crashworthiness as an application case study; and (iii) a critical account of when fractal–mathematical descriptors (scale invariance, similarity ratio, iteration depth, and fractal dimension) are mechanically meaningful, since many finite hierarchical lattices are fractal-inspired rather than fractal in the strict mathematical sense. The synthesis shows that relative density alone is an insufficient performance descriptor: outcomes depend on whether deformation is bending-, stretching-, membrane-, or buckling-dominated, and hierarchy or fractal-inspired recursion improves performance only when each structural level is assigned a distinct mechanical role rather than repeating geometry without function. The crashworthiness case study confirms that no single architecture is universally optimal once force efficiency, intrusion control, and manufacturability are considered alongside energy absorption. Future progress requires integrated structure-mechanism-property-function frameworks that combine theoretical modeling, high-resolution simulation, data-driven design, and experimental validation, with complexity justified only when it is mechanically purposeful, validated, and manufacturable at scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Database: | Academic Search Index |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 CustomLinks: – Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com/c/fiv2js/result?sid=EBSCO:asx&genre=article&issn=19961944&ISBN=&volume=19&issue=16&date=20260815&spage=3432&pages=3432-3470&title=Materials (1996-1944)&atitle=Hierarchical%20and%20Fractal-Inspired%20Mechanical%20Metamaterials%3A%20A%20Mechanics-Oriented%20Review%20of%20Multiscale%20Design%2C%20Strength%2C%20Deformation%2C%20and%20Energy%20Absorption.&aulast=Dili%C5%ABnas%2C%20Saulius&id=DOI:10.3390/ma19163432 Name: Full Text Finder (for New FTF UI) (ns324271) Category: fullText Text: Full Text Finder MouseOverText: Full Text Finder |
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| Header | DbId: asx DbLabel: Academic Search Index An: 196610486 RelevancyScore: 1452 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 1452.42504882813 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Hierarchical and Fractal-Inspired Mechanical Metamaterials: A Mechanics-Oriented Review of Multiscale Design, Strength, Deformation, and Energy Absorption. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Diliūnas%2C+Saulius%22">Diliūnas, Saulius</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> saulius.diliunas@ktu.lt</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Leišis%2C+Vitalis%22">Leišis, Vitalis</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pilkaitė%2C+Tilmutė%22">Pilkaitė, Tilmutė</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Skiedraitė%2C+Inga%22">Skiedraitė, Inga</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Aug2026, Vol. 19 Issue 16, p3432. 39p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metamaterials%22">Metamaterials</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+dissipation%22">Energy dissipation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fracture+mechanics%22">Fracture mechanics</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deformations+%28Mechanics%29%22">Deformations (Mechanics)</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Classical continuum descriptions based on homogenized parameters, such as modulus and relative density, become inadequate when performance is governed by deliberately engineered multiscale architecture rather than by composition, as in hierarchical and fractal-inspired mechanical metamaterials. In these materials, geometry couples deformation across length scales in ways that single-scale models cannot capture. This review synthesizes theoretical, numerical, and experimental literature published mainly over the last two decades, with emphasis on the last five years. It draws preferentially on peer-reviewed journal articles and highly cited studies; strictly periodic single-scale metamaterials and general electromagnetic–metamaterial literature are cited only where needed to establish historical context and are not otherwise within the scope of this review. The specific contribution of this review is threefold: (i) a mechanics-oriented classification of hierarchical and fractal-inspired architectures according to the deformation mechanism they activate (bending-, stretching-, membrane-, or buckling-dominated), rather than by geometric appearance alone; (ii) an explicit structure-mechanism-property-function framework linking multiscale geometry to strength, failure evolution, and energy absorption, tested against automotive crashworthiness as an application case study; and (iii) a critical account of when fractal–mathematical descriptors (scale invariance, similarity ratio, iteration depth, and fractal dimension) are mechanically meaningful, since many finite hierarchical lattices are fractal-inspired rather than fractal in the strict mathematical sense. The synthesis shows that relative density alone is an insufficient performance descriptor: outcomes depend on whether deformation is bending-, stretching-, membrane-, or buckling-dominated, and hierarchy or fractal-inspired recursion improves performance only when each structural level is assigned a distinct mechanical role rather than repeating geometry without function. The crashworthiness case study confirms that no single architecture is universally optimal once force efficiency, intrusion control, and manufacturability are considered alongside energy absorption. Future progress requires integrated structure-mechanism-property-function frameworks that combine theoretical modeling, high-resolution simulation, data-driven design, and experimental validation, with complexity justified only when it is mechanically purposeful, validated, and manufacturable at scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/ma19163432 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 39 StartPage: 3432 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Metamaterials Type: general – SubjectFull: Energy dissipation Type: general – SubjectFull: Fracture mechanics Type: general – SubjectFull: Deformations (Mechanics) Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Hierarchical and Fractal-Inspired Mechanical Metamaterials: A Mechanics-Oriented Review of Multiscale Design, Strength, Deformation, and Energy Absorption. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Diliūnas, Saulius – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Leišis, Vitalis – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pilkaitė, Tilmutė – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Skiedraitė, Inga IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 08 Text: Aug2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19961944 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 19 – Type: issue Value: 16 Titles: – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944) Type: main |
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