Academic Journal
Physics-guided label-free ultrasonic testing of high-speed rail wheels with diffusion models.
| Τίτλος: | Physics-guided label-free ultrasonic testing of high-speed rail wheels with diffusion models. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Zhang, Qian1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Fuben1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Ai2 (AUTHOR), Li, Jinlong1 (AUTHOR), Gao, Xiaorong1 (AUTHOR), Peng, Jianping1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Kai1 (AUTHOR) yangkai_swjtu@163.com |
| Πηγή: | Nondestructive Testing & Evaluation. Aug2026, p1-23. 23p. 6 Illustrations. |
| Θεματικοί όροι: | *Ultrasonic testing, *Probabilistic generative models, *Outlier detection, *Scientific method, *Machine learning, *Nondestructive testing, *Imperfection, *High speed trains |
| Περίληψη: | Ensuring the structural integrity of high-speed rail wheels is essential for operational safety, yet automated ultrasonic testing is constrained by scarce defect samples, costly pixel-level annotation, and complex field noise. This study proposes a physics-guided ultrasonic anomaly-detection framework with defect-label-free training based on diffusion models. A physics-guided multi-channel representation incorporates probe configurations, ultrasonic propagation paths, overlapping inspection regions, and wheel geometry. A frequency-domain adaptive loss preserves defect-sensitive spectral information, while an uncertainty-aware scoring strategy combines reconstruction residuals, diffusion-induced predictive uncertainty, and physically defined regions of interest. The diffusion model is trained exclusively on 6000 normal ultrasonic B-scan images without defective training samples or pixel-level defect annotations. For independent evaluation, defect-related echo regions in test images are annotated and cross-checked by three experienced ultrasonic specialists. Pixel-level evaluation achieves an AUROC of 0.972, an F1-score of 0.953, an IoU of 0.815, and an FPR of 0.024 at a TPR of 0.95. Preliminary on-site trial testing and offline validation using data from an operational high-speed rail wheel inspection system demonstrate the potential of the proposed method for reliable defect screening under noisy field conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | Academic Search Index |
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