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Two settling spheres in a tube at intermediate fluid inertia.

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Τίτλος: Two settling spheres in a tube at intermediate fluid inertia.
Συγγραφείς: Lai, Zenan1 (AUTHOR), Nie, Deming1 (AUTHOR) nieinhz@cjlu.edu.cn
Πηγή: Physics of Fluids. Jul2026, Vol. 38 Issue 7, p1-18. 18p.
Θεματικοί όροι: *Particle dynamics analysis, *Vortex shedding, *Drag coefficient, *Fluid dynamics, *Lattice Boltzmann methods
Περίληψη: Three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulations were performed to study the gravity-driven settling and interaction of two heavy spheres (density ratio 1.5) in a square tube (the width of the tube is five times the sphere diameter) at 140 ≤ Ga (Galileo number) ≤ 240, approximately corresponding to 160 < ReT (terminal Reynolds number) <310. Three distinct motion regimes are identified: steady motion (Ga ≤ 160), irregular helical motion (175 ≤ Ga ≤ 195), and regular helical motion (200 ≤ Ga ≤ 240). The onset of unsteadiness occurs at 160 < Ga < 165, slightly higher than for a single sphere, indicating that sphere–sphere interaction enhances effective confinement and suppresses wake instability. Irregular helical motion is marked by frequent circling direction reversals, strong inter-sphere separation fluctuations, and synchronized double-threaded vortex shedding. At Ga ≈ 225, a sharp wake transition from double-threaded to loop-like hairpin vortices coincides with a sudden increase in helical frequency and horizontal hydrodynamic force. Symmetric initial conditions yield consistent steady or regular helical motion, while irregular helical motion shows initial-position path dependence. Drag coefficients follow the order: two spheres > single sphere > unconfined sphere. These results reveal the strong coupling between sphere–sphere interaction, wall confinement, and wake topology in determining unsteady particle dynamics at intermediate fluid inertia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: Two settling spheres in a tube at intermediate fluid inertia.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Physics+of+Fluids%22&quot;&gt;Physics of Fluids&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Jul2026, Vol. 38 Issue 7, p1-18. 18p.
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  Data: *&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Particle+dynamics+analysis%22&quot;&gt;Particle dynamics analysis&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Vortex+shedding%22&quot;&gt;Vortex shedding&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Drag+coefficient%22&quot;&gt;Drag coefficient&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Fluid+dynamics%22&quot;&gt;Fluid dynamics&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Lattice+Boltzmann+methods%22&quot;&gt;Lattice Boltzmann methods&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulations were performed to study the gravity-driven settling and interaction of two heavy spheres (density ratio 1.5) in a square tube (the width of the tube is five times the sphere diameter) at 140 ≤ Ga (Galileo number) ≤ 240, approximately corresponding to 160 &lt; ReT (terminal Reynolds number) &lt;310. Three distinct motion regimes are identified: steady motion (Ga ≤ 160), irregular helical motion (175 ≤ Ga ≤ 195), and regular helical motion (200 ≤ Ga ≤ 240). The onset of unsteadiness occurs at 160 &lt; Ga &lt; 165, slightly higher than for a single sphere, indicating that sphere–sphere interaction enhances effective confinement and suppresses wake instability. Irregular helical motion is marked by frequent circling direction reversals, strong inter-sphere separation fluctuations, and synchronized double-threaded vortex shedding. At Ga ≈ 225, a sharp wake transition from double-threaded to loop-like hairpin vortices coincides with a sudden increase in helical frequency and horizontal hydrodynamic force. Symmetric initial conditions yield consistent steady or regular helical motion, while irregular helical motion shows initial-position path dependence. Drag coefficients follow the order: two spheres &gt; single sphere &gt; unconfined sphere. These results reveal the strong coupling between sphere–sphere interaction, wall confinement, and wake topology in determining unsteady particle dynamics at intermediate fluid inertia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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        Value: 10.1063/5.0323864
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Particle dynamics analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vortex shedding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drag coefficient
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fluid dynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lattice Boltzmann methods
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      – TitleFull: Two settling spheres in a tube at intermediate fluid inertia.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Lai, Zenan
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            NameFull: Nie, Deming
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 38
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              Value: 7
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            – TitleFull: Physics of Fluids
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