Academic Journal
View in EDS

The Impact of Sampling and Measurement Error in Y on the Estimation of Level 2 Standardized X-Y Relationships.

Bibliographic Details
Title: The Impact of Sampling and Measurement Error in Y on the Estimation of Level 2 Standardized X-Y Relationships.
Authors: Konold, Timothy R.1 (AUTHOR) Konold@Virginia.edu, Sanders, Elizabeth A.2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Structural Equation Modeling. Jul/Aug2026, Vol. 33 Issue 4, p599-616. 18p.
Subject Terms: *Sampling errors, *Measurement errors, *Mathematical variables, *Mathematical statistics, *Structural equation modeling, *Simulation methods & models, *Multilevel models, *Coefficients (Statistics)
Abstract: This study focuses on Level 2 (L2) predictor-outcome bias in standardized coefficients as obtained through traditional multilevel models and multilevel structural equation models when sampling and measurement error is present in the outcome. While unreliability in the outcome variable does not bias unstandardized coefficients, the current study demonstrates how it can bias estimates in their more commonly reported standardized forms. Using simulations, we evaluate this issue under a variety of conditions in which sampling and measurement error are present in the outcome as a function of aggregation method. In doing so, we consider four methods for modeling L2 aggregate variables, including doubly manifest aggregation (MLM), doubly latent aggregation (MLSEM), and their two hybrids, in relation to the type of L2 variables researchers may encounter in practice and the extent to which a given methods can produce unbiased standardized coefficient values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Academic Search Index
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com/c/fiv2js/result?sid=EBSCO:asx&genre=article&issn=10705511&ISBN=&volume=33&issue=4&date=20260701&spage=599&pages=599-616&title=Structural Equation Modeling&atitle=The%20Impact%20of%20Sampling%20and%20Measurement%20Error%20in%20Y%20on%20the%20Estimation%20of%20Level%202%20Standardized%20X-Y%20Relationships.&aulast=Konold%2C%20Timothy%20R.&id=DOI:10.1080/10705511.2026.2640590
    Name: Full Text Finder (for New FTF UI) (ns324271)
    Category: fullText
    Text: Full Text Finder
    MouseOverText: Full Text Finder
Header DbId: asx
DbLabel: Academic Search Index
An: 195517209
RelevancyScore: 1431
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 1430.76818847656
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: The Impact of Sampling and Measurement Error in Y on the Estimation of Level 2 Standardized X-Y Relationships.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Konold%2C+Timothy+R%2E%22">Konold, Timothy R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> Konold@Virginia.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sanders%2C+Elizabeth+A%2E%22">Sanders, Elizabeth A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Structural+Equation+Modeling%22">Structural Equation Modeling</searchLink>. Jul/Aug2026, Vol. 33 Issue 4, p599-616. 18p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sampling+errors%22">Sampling errors</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Measurement+errors%22">Measurement errors</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+variables%22">Mathematical variables</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+statistics%22">Mathematical statistics</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+equation+modeling%22">Structural equation modeling</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Simulation+methods+%26+models%22">Simulation methods & models</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multilevel+models%22">Multilevel models</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coefficients+%28Statistics%29%22">Coefficients (Statistics)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study focuses on Level 2 (L2) predictor-outcome bias in standardized coefficients as obtained through traditional multilevel models and multilevel structural equation models when sampling and measurement error is present in the outcome. While unreliability in the outcome variable does not bias unstandardized coefficients, the current study demonstrates how it can bias estimates in their more commonly reported standardized forms. Using simulations, we evaluate this issue under a variety of conditions in which sampling and measurement error are present in the outcome as a function of aggregation method. In doing so, we consider four methods for modeling L2 aggregate variables, including doubly manifest aggregation (MLM), doubly latent aggregation (MLSEM), and their two hybrids, in relation to the type of L2 variables researchers may encounter in practice and the extent to which a given methods can produce unbiased standardized coefficient values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=asx&AN=195517209
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/10705511.2026.2640590
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 599
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Sampling errors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Measurement errors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical variables
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Structural equation modeling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Simulation methods & models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multilevel models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coefficients (Statistics)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Impact of Sampling and Measurement Error in Y on the Estimation of Level 2 Standardized X-Y Relationships.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Konold, Timothy R.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Sanders, Elizabeth A.
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul/Aug2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 10705511
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 33
            – Type: issue
              Value: 4
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Structural Equation Modeling
              Type: main
ResultId 1