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The break event point of urban hydroponics during the COVID-19 pandemic and the threat of the economic recession (Case of urban hydroponics in Kendari Bay Coastal, Indonesia).

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Title: The break event point of urban hydroponics during the COVID-19 pandemic and the threat of the economic recession (Case of urban hydroponics in Kendari Bay Coastal, Indonesia).
Authors: Padangaran, Normal Bivariant1 (AUTHOR), Purwanti, Rahayu Endah1 (AUTHOR), Ningsih, Minggu Lestari1 (AUTHOR), Nur, Hartatia1 (AUTHOR), Dewi, Hesty Sukma2 (AUTHOR), Hajrah, Sitti2 (AUTHOR), Taufiq, Dimas Muhammad1 (AUTHOR), Limi, Muhammad Aswar1 (AUTHOR) muhammad.limi@uho.ac.id
Source: AIP Conference Proceedings. 2026, Vol. 3417 Issue 1, p1-6. 6p.
Subject Terms: *Break-even analysis, *COVID-19 pandemic, *Industrial costs, *Supply chain disruptions, *Agriculture, *Hydroponics, *Recessions
Geographic Terms: Indonesia
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and the threat of economic recession have significantly impacted the agricultural sector, including urban hydroponics. Supply chain disruptions, rising production costs, and limited market access have made it challenging to sustain hydroponic businesses. Therefore, this study aims to analyze urban hydroponics' break-even point (BEP) during the COVID-19 pandemic and under economic recession conditions. This study was conducted in Kendari City in 2023, using the census method of 11 hydroponic business units that remained active before and during the pandemic. Data were collected through interviews and direct observation, with the main variables analyzed, including fixed costs, variable costs, selling prices, and production volumes needed to reach BEP. The analysis used a quantitative descriptive approach to calculate BEP under pandemic conditions and simulate a 40% increase in production costs due to economic recession. The results showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the BEP for various urban hydroponic products ranged from 41 to 170 units, with higher-priced products such as Sioma (IDR 60,000/unit) and Lettuce (IDR 45,000/unit) having a lower BEP than lower-priced products such as Celery (IDR 20,000/unit) which had the highest BEP. However, when production costs increase by 40% in the economic recession scenario, BEP increases significantly, especially for products with low selling prices. Celery, for example, experienced an increase in BEP from 170 units to 221 units, suggesting that hydroponic products with smaller profit margins are more vulnerable to economic stress. These findings illustrate the resilience of urban hydroponics in the face of economic uncertainty and the importance of price adjustment strategies and cost efficiency to maintain the sustainability of hydroponic businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Academic Search Index
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  Data: The break event point of urban hydroponics during the COVID-19 pandemic and the threat of the economic recession (Case of urban hydroponics in Kendari Bay Coastal, Indonesia).
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Break-even+analysis%22">Break-even analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19+pandemic%22">COVID-19 pandemic</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+costs%22">Industrial costs</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Supply+chain+disruptions%22">Supply chain disruptions</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Agriculture%22">Agriculture</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydroponics%22">Hydroponics</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Recessions%22">Recessions</searchLink>
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  Data: The COVID-19 pandemic and the threat of economic recession have significantly impacted the agricultural sector, including urban hydroponics. Supply chain disruptions, rising production costs, and limited market access have made it challenging to sustain hydroponic businesses. Therefore, this study aims to analyze urban hydroponics' break-even point (BEP) during the COVID-19 pandemic and under economic recession conditions. This study was conducted in Kendari City in 2023, using the census method of 11 hydroponic business units that remained active before and during the pandemic. Data were collected through interviews and direct observation, with the main variables analyzed, including fixed costs, variable costs, selling prices, and production volumes needed to reach BEP. The analysis used a quantitative descriptive approach to calculate BEP under pandemic conditions and simulate a 40% increase in production costs due to economic recession. The results showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the BEP for various urban hydroponic products ranged from 41 to 170 units, with higher-priced products such as Sioma (IDR 60,000/unit) and Lettuce (IDR 45,000/unit) having a lower BEP than lower-priced products such as Celery (IDR 20,000/unit) which had the highest BEP. However, when production costs increase by 40% in the economic recession scenario, BEP increases significantly, especially for products with low selling prices. Celery, for example, experienced an increase in BEP from 170 units to 221 units, suggesting that hydroponic products with smaller profit margins are more vulnerable to economic stress. These findings illustrate the resilience of urban hydroponics in the face of economic uncertainty and the importance of price adjustment strategies and cost efficiency to maintain the sustainability of hydroponic businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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        Value: 10.1063/5.0341882
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 6
        StartPage: 1
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      – SubjectFull: Indonesia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Break-even analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: COVID-19 pandemic
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      – SubjectFull: Industrial costs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Supply chain disruptions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Agriculture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydroponics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Recessions
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: The break event point of urban hydroponics during the COVID-19 pandemic and the threat of the economic recession (Case of urban hydroponics in Kendari Bay Coastal, Indonesia).
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              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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