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Global Occurrence of Solitary Waves in the Martian Magnetosphere.

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Τίτλος: Global Occurrence of Solitary Waves in the Martian Magnetosphere.
Συγγραφείς: Pandey, Sahil1 (AUTHOR) psahil177@gmail.com, Kakad, Amar1 (AUTHOR), Kakad, Bharati1 (AUTHOR)
Πηγή: Geophysical Research Letters. 6/16/2026, Vol. 53 Issue 11, p1-9. 9p.
Θεματικοί όροι: *Solitons, *Magnetosphere, *Plasma waves, *Electric field strength, *Plasma dynamics, *Solar wind
Περίληψη: This letter presents a global occurrence of bipolar solitary waves (SWs) in the Martian magnetosphere. We utilized medium‐frequency electric field measurements from October 2014 to December 2023 from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft. The Solitary Wave Identifying Tool (SWIT) is used to identify SWs automatically from this large data set. A total of 198,171 SW structures are found at altitudes above 500 km. The amplitude and width of the SWs are found in the range of 0.5–90 mV/m and 0.1–2.2 ms. These structures are predominantly found in the magnetosheath region, with an enhanced occurrence in the dawn (4–7 LT) and dusk (15–19 LT) sectors. The study reveals that high‐amplitude SWs occur near the downstream of the nominal bow shock location, which is consistent with terrestrial observations, whereas the occurrence of SWs with broader widths is more common in the dayside magnetosheath. Plain Language Summary: Solitary waves are isolated, localized electric field pulses that are commonly observed in space plasmas. These electric field pulses contribute significantly to the acceleration, trapping, and transport of charged particles in the Earth's magnetosphere, thereby influencing magnetospheric plasma dynamics through wave‐particle interactions. Recent studies from the MAVEN spacecraft have shown the occurrence of solitary waves in the Martian magnetosheath, a region between the bow shock and the magnetopause. However, their occurrence in the different regions of the Martian environment has not been studied. To understand the global occurrence of solitary waves in the Martian environment, we use the long‐term (2014–2023) electric field data collected by the MAVEN spacecraft. We identified a total of 198,171 solitary wave events, which are omnipresent across different regions of the Martian magnetosphere. Solitary waves are prevalent in the dawn and dusk regions of the magnetosheath, with high‐amplitude solitary waves occurring in the vicinity of the Martian bow shock, where the solar wind first encounters plasma around Mars. The global occurrence of solitary waves will help to understand their role in particle dynamics in the weak Martian magnetosphere. Key Points: Solitary waves are ubiquitous in the Martian magnetosphere, with predominant occurrence in the dawn and dusk sectors of the magnetosheathSolitary waves have amplitudes ranging from a few to several tens of mV/m, with widths spanning approximately 0.1 to a few millisecondsLarge‐amplitude waves are observed in the vicinity of the bow shock, primarily in the noon sector, but they are less frequent in occurrence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: Global Occurrence of Solitary Waves in the Martian Magnetosphere.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pandey%2C+Sahil%22">Pandey, Sahil</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> psahil177@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kakad%2C+Amar%22">Kakad, Amar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kakad%2C+Bharati%22">Kakad, Bharati</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Geophysical+Research+Letters%22">Geophysical Research Letters</searchLink>. 6/16/2026, Vol. 53 Issue 11, p1-9. 9p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solitons%22">Solitons</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetosphere%22">Magnetosphere</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+waves%22">Plasma waves</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+field+strength%22">Electric field strength</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+dynamics%22">Plasma dynamics</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+wind%22">Solar wind</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This letter presents a global occurrence of bipolar solitary waves (SWs) in the Martian magnetosphere. We utilized medium‐frequency electric field measurements from October 2014 to December 2023 from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft. The Solitary Wave Identifying Tool (SWIT) is used to identify SWs automatically from this large data set. A total of 198,171 SW structures are found at altitudes above 500 km. The amplitude and width of the SWs are found in the range of 0.5–90 mV/m and 0.1–2.2 ms. These structures are predominantly found in the magnetosheath region, with an enhanced occurrence in the dawn (4–7 LT) and dusk (15–19 LT) sectors. The study reveals that high‐amplitude SWs occur near the downstream of the nominal bow shock location, which is consistent with terrestrial observations, whereas the occurrence of SWs with broader widths is more common in the dayside magnetosheath. Plain Language Summary: Solitary waves are isolated, localized electric field pulses that are commonly observed in space plasmas. These electric field pulses contribute significantly to the acceleration, trapping, and transport of charged particles in the Earth's magnetosphere, thereby influencing magnetospheric plasma dynamics through wave‐particle interactions. Recent studies from the MAVEN spacecraft have shown the occurrence of solitary waves in the Martian magnetosheath, a region between the bow shock and the magnetopause. However, their occurrence in the different regions of the Martian environment has not been studied. To understand the global occurrence of solitary waves in the Martian environment, we use the long‐term (2014–2023) electric field data collected by the MAVEN spacecraft. We identified a total of 198,171 solitary wave events, which are omnipresent across different regions of the Martian magnetosphere. Solitary waves are prevalent in the dawn and dusk regions of the magnetosheath, with high‐amplitude solitary waves occurring in the vicinity of the Martian bow shock, where the solar wind first encounters plasma around Mars. The global occurrence of solitary waves will help to understand their role in particle dynamics in the weak Martian magnetosphere. Key Points: Solitary waves are ubiquitous in the Martian magnetosphere, with predominant occurrence in the dawn and dusk sectors of the magnetosheathSolitary waves have amplitudes ranging from a few to several tens of mV/m, with widths spanning approximately 0.1 to a few millisecondsLarge‐amplitude waves are observed in the vicinity of the bow shock, primarily in the noon sector, but they are less frequent in occurrence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1029/2025GL121470
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 9
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Solitons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetosphere
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plasma waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric field strength
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plasma dynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar wind
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Global Occurrence of Solitary Waves in the Martian Magnetosphere.
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            NameFull: Pandey, Sahil
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            NameFull: Kakad, Amar
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            – D: 16
              M: 06
              Text: 6/16/2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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