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Development of the Test of Listening Difficulties--Universal and Australian Normative Data in Children and Adults.

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Τίτλος: Development of the Test of Listening Difficulties--Universal and Australian Normative Data in Children and Adults.
Συγγραφείς: Dillon, Harvey1,2 Harvey.Dillon@mq.edu.au, Gaikwad, Shrutika1, Luengtaweekul, Ponsuang1,3, Buchholz, Jorg1, Cameron, Sharon1
Πηγή: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Dec2025, Vol. 68 Issue 12, p6089-6099. 11p.
Θεματικοί όροι: *Auditory perception testing, *Reference values, *Word deafness, *Noise, *T-test (Statistics), *Research funding, *Intelligibility of speech, *Descriptive statistics, *Experimental design, *Speech audiometry, *Psychometrics, *Speech perception, *Data analysis software, *Confidence intervals, *Regression analysis
Γεωγραφικοί όροι: Australia
Περίληψη: Purpose: This research was carried out to create a new realistic speech-in-noise test designed to be sensitive to several causes of difficulty understanding speech in noise. The test, conducted under headphones, simulates listening in a typically reverberant classroom. It comprises a frontal target talker speaking high-context sentences and six competing talkers at different apparent locations. Method: The first experiment initially measured the degree of context in the sentences by presenting them in writing, with one or two words missing, to adult participants who were asked to guess the missing word(s). The 48 highest context sentences were then presented to young adults through headphones, with the competing speech, to measure the relative intelligibility of every morpheme in each sentence. The levels of each morpheme were then adjusted to minimize intelligibility differences between morphemes. In the second and main experiment, the final version of the test was presented to 103 adults and 77 children (aged 6-12 years) to create normative data for an Australian-accented version of the test. Results: In children, mean speech reception threshold in noise (SRTn) improved at a rate of 0.5 dB per year, down to -12.1 dB at 12 years of age. The regression line suggests that performance reaches that of young adults (with SRTn = -13.3 dB) at 14 years of age. Conclusions: The Test of Listening Difficulties--Universal (ToLD-U) appears to be suitable for assessing speech understanding in both children and adults under realistic, challenging listening conditions. It is the first test designed to simultaneously realistically simulate real-world environments using sentence-level but morpheme intelligibility--equalized test stimuli recorded using a conversational style, with multiple competing talkers and reverberation; nonetheless, it was designed to be suitable for routine clinical use via headphone presentation. Studies evaluating the ToLD-U in a clinical setting are in progress. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.30493694 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Βάση Δεδομένων: Academic Search Index
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  Data: Development of the Test of Listening Difficulties--Universal and Australian Normative Data in Children and Adults.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 68 Issue 12, p6089-6099. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Australia%22">Australia</searchLink>
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  Data: Purpose: This research was carried out to create a new realistic speech-in-noise test designed to be sensitive to several causes of difficulty understanding speech in noise. The test, conducted under headphones, simulates listening in a typically reverberant classroom. It comprises a frontal target talker speaking high-context sentences and six competing talkers at different apparent locations. Method: The first experiment initially measured the degree of context in the sentences by presenting them in writing, with one or two words missing, to adult participants who were asked to guess the missing word(s). The 48 highest context sentences were then presented to young adults through headphones, with the competing speech, to measure the relative intelligibility of every morpheme in each sentence. The levels of each morpheme were then adjusted to minimize intelligibility differences between morphemes. In the second and main experiment, the final version of the test was presented to 103 adults and 77 children (aged 6-12 years) to create normative data for an Australian-accented version of the test. Results: In children, mean speech reception threshold in noise (SRTn) improved at a rate of 0.5 dB per year, down to -12.1 dB at 12 years of age. The regression line suggests that performance reaches that of young adults (with SRTn = -13.3 dB) at 14 years of age. Conclusions: The Test of Listening Difficulties--Universal (ToLD-U) appears to be suitable for assessing speech understanding in both children and adults under realistic, challenging listening conditions. It is the first test designed to simultaneously realistically simulate real-world environments using sentence-level but morpheme intelligibility--equalized test stimuli recorded using a conversational style, with multiple competing talkers and reverberation; nonetheless, it was designed to be suitable for routine clinical use via headphone presentation. Studies evaluating the ToLD-U in a clinical setting are in progress. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.30493694 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00330
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 6089
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Australia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Auditory perception testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reference values
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Word deafness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Noise
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intelligibility of speech
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Speech audiometry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Speech perception
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Development of the Test of Listening Difficulties--Universal and Australian Normative Data in Children and Adults.
        Type: main
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              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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