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Cryptosystem for JPEG Images with Encryption Before and After Lossy Compression.

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Τίτλος: Cryptosystem for JPEG Images with Encryption Before and After Lossy Compression.
Συγγραφείς: Cardona-López, Manuel Alejandro1,2 (AUTHOR), Chimal-Eguía, Juan Carlos1,2 (AUTHOR), Silva-García, Víctor Manuel3 (AUTHOR), Flores-Carapia, Rolando1,3 (AUTHOR) rfloresca@ipn.mx
Πηγή: Mathematics (2227-7390). Nov2025, Vol. 13 Issue 21, p3482. 35p.
Θεματικοί όροι: *JPEG (Image coding standard), *Image encryption, *Cryptosystems, *Multimedia communications, *Lossy data compression, *Information technology security, *Data encryption, *Data privacy
Περίληψη: JPEG images are widely used in multimedia transmission, such as on social media platforms, owing to their efficiency for reducing storage and transmission requirements. However, because such images may contain sensitive information, encryption is essential to ensure data privacy. Traditional image encryption schemes face challenges when applied to JPEG images, as maintaining compatibility with the JPEG structure and managing the effects of lossy compression can distort encrypted data. Existing JPEG-compatible encryption methods, such as Encryption-then-Compression (EtC) and Compression-then-Encryption (CtE), typically employ a single encryption stage, either before or after compression, and often involve trade-offs between security, storage efficiency, and visual quality. In this work, an Encryption–Compression–Encryption algorithm is presented that preserves full JPEG compatibility while combining the advantages of both EtC and CtE schemes. In the proposed method, pixel-block encryption is first applied prior to JPEG compression, followed by selective coefficient encryption after compression, in which the quantized DC coefficient differences are permuted. Experimental results indicate that the second encryption stage enhances the entropy achieved in the first stage, with both stages complementing each other in terms of resistance to attacks. The addition of this second layer does not significantly impact storage efficiency or the visual quality of the decompressed image; however, it introduces a moderate increase in computational time due to the two-stage encryption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Cryptosystem for JPEG Images with Encryption Before and After Lossy Compression.
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  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cardona-López%2C+Manuel+Alejandro%22">Cardona-López, Manuel Alejandro</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chimal-Eguía%2C+Juan+Carlos%22">Chimal-Eguía, Juan Carlos</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Silva-García%2C+Víctor+Manuel%22">Silva-García, Víctor Manuel</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Flores-Carapia%2C+Rolando%22">Flores-Carapia, Rolando</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> rfloresca@ipn.mx</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Mathematics+%282227-7390%29%22">Mathematics (2227-7390)</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 13 Issue 21, p3482. 35p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22JPEG+%28Image+coding+standard%29%22">JPEG (Image coding standard)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Image+encryption%22">Image encryption</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cryptosystems%22">Cryptosystems</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multimedia+communications%22">Multimedia communications</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lossy+data+compression%22">Lossy data compression</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Information+technology+security%22">Information technology security</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+encryption%22">Data encryption</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+privacy%22">Data privacy</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: JPEG images are widely used in multimedia transmission, such as on social media platforms, owing to their efficiency for reducing storage and transmission requirements. However, because such images may contain sensitive information, encryption is essential to ensure data privacy. Traditional image encryption schemes face challenges when applied to JPEG images, as maintaining compatibility with the JPEG structure and managing the effects of lossy compression can distort encrypted data. Existing JPEG-compatible encryption methods, such as Encryption-then-Compression (EtC) and Compression-then-Encryption (CtE), typically employ a single encryption stage, either before or after compression, and often involve trade-offs between security, storage efficiency, and visual quality. In this work, an Encryption–Compression–Encryption algorithm is presented that preserves full JPEG compatibility while combining the advantages of both EtC and CtE schemes. In the proposed method, pixel-block encryption is first applied prior to JPEG compression, followed by selective coefficient encryption after compression, in which the quantized DC coefficient differences are permuted. Experimental results indicate that the second encryption stage enhances the entropy achieved in the first stage, with both stages complementing each other in terms of resistance to attacks. The addition of this second layer does not significantly impact storage efficiency or the visual quality of the decompressed image; however, it introduces a moderate increase in computational time due to the two-stage encryption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=asx&AN=189611558
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/math13213482
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 35
        StartPage: 3482
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: JPEG (Image coding standard)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Image encryption
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      – SubjectFull: Cryptosystems
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      – SubjectFull: Multimedia communications
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      – SubjectFull: Lossy data compression
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Information technology security
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      – SubjectFull: Data encryption
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      – SubjectFull: Data privacy
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Cryptosystem for JPEG Images with Encryption Before and After Lossy Compression.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Cardona-López, Manuel Alejandro
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            NameFull: Chimal-Eguía, Juan Carlos
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            NameFull: Silva-García, Víctor Manuel
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            NameFull: Flores-Carapia, Rolando
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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            – TitleFull: Mathematics (2227-7390)
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