Synthesis, multi-target enzyme inhibition, and in silico evaluation of phthalimide derivatives with relevance to tuberculosis-associated pathophysiology.

Authors: Khushal A; Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan., Khan S; Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, PA, USA. Electronic address: sarakhan@cuiatd.edu.pk., Farooq U; Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan. Electronic address: umarf@cuiatd.edu.pk., Khan MN; Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan., Hafeez M; Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan., Sarwar R; Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan.

Source: Bioorganic chemistry [Bioorg Chem] 2026 Oct 15; Vol. 182, pp. 110441. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 31.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 1303703 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1090-2120 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00452068 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioorg Chem Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Phthalimides*/pharmacology , Phthalimides*/chemical synthesis , Phthalimides*/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors*/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors*/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors*/chemistry , Mycobacterium tuberculosis*/enzymology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis*/drug effects , Urease*/antagonists & inhibitors , Urease*/metabolism , Xanthine Oxidase*/antagonists & inhibitors , Xanthine Oxidase*/metabolism , Tuberculosis*/drug therapy , Tuberculosis*/physiopathology, Butyrylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Molecular Structure ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation

Co-encapsulated urease and glucose oxidase in polyelectrolyte microcapsules for simultaneous glucose and urea determination.

Authors: Kim AL; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya St., 3, Puschino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia. Electronic address: kimerzent@gmail.com., Musin EV; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya St., 3, Puschino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia. Electronic address: eglork@gmail.com., Tikhonenko SA; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya St., 3, Puschino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia. Electronic address: tikhonenkosa@gmail.com.

Source: Analytica chimica acta [Anal Chim Acta] 2026 Oct 15; Vol. 1419, pp. 345902. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 30.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0370534 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-4324 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00032670 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Anal Chim Acta Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Glucose Oxidase*/chemistry , Glucose Oxidase*/metabolism , Urease*/chemistry , Urease*/metabolism , Urea*/analysis , Glucose*/analysis , Polyelectrolytes*/chemistry, Capsules/chemistry ; Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry ; Enzymes, Immobilized/metabolism ; Humans

Diamide-based sulfonamide derivatives as new urease inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and computational studies.

Authors: Mohammadi Oshnari A; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran., Mohammadi AA; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: aliamohammadi@yahoo.com., Ahmad I; Division of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Gondur, Dhule, 424002, Maharashtra, India., Ekhtiari Z; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Tahmasebi E; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Amanlou M; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mahdavi M; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Source: Bioorganic chemistry [Bioorg Chem] 2026 Sep 15; Vol. 180, pp. 110240. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 10.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 1303703 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1090-2120 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00452068 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioorg Chem Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Urease*/antagonists & inhibitors , Urease*/metabolism , Sulfonamides*/chemistry , Sulfonamides*/pharmacology , Sulfonamides*/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors*/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors*/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors*/chemistry, Structure-Activity Relationship ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Staphylococcus aureus urease is controlled by a complex regulatory network to promote dissemination during CAUTI.

Authors: Gomez J; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA., Duran-Ramirez J; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA., Alvarez M; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA., Cristy S; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA., Walker JN; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.; Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, UTHealth School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

Source: MBio [mBio] 2026 Sep 09; Vol. 17 (9), pp. e0162426. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 05.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101519231 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2150-7511 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: mBio Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Urease*/genetics , Urease*/metabolism , Staphylococcus aureus*/enzymology , Staphylococcus aureus*/genetics , Staphylococcus aureus*/pathogenicity , Staphylococcus aureus*/growth & development , Catheter-Related Infections*/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections*/microbiology , Urinary Tract Infections*/microbiology , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial* , Gene Regulatory Networks*, Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Virulence Factors/genetics ; Animals ; Mice ; Humans

Structural insights into how metallochaperones UreE and UreG interact to deliver a toxic metal to urease.

Authors: Chan CL; School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China., Pang LTH; School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China., Choi T; School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China., Chan KC; School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China., Tsang KL; School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China., Lee KM; School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China., Wong KB; School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2026 Sep 08; Vol. 123 (36), pp. e2535662123. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 03.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7505876 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-6490 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00278424 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Urease*/metabolism , Urease*/chemistry , Nickel*/metabolism , Nickel*/chemistry , Metallochaperones*/chemistry , Metallochaperones*/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins*/chemistry , Bacterial Proteins*/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins*/genetics , Helicobacter pylori*/metabolism , Carrier Proteins*/chemistry , Carrier Proteins*/metabolism, Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/chemistry ; Protein Binding ; Models, Molecular ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Binding Sites ; Protein Conformation ; Phosphate-Binding Proteins

Chalcogenated phosphine derivatives as urease inhibitors for agricultural: soil application and biophysical studies.

Authors: Enes KB; Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil., Santos EFA; Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil., Viana LPS; Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil., Júnior MMO; Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil., Batista PHJ; Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil., Modolo LV; Departamento de Botânica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye., Santos JCC; Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics Lauro Kubota (INCTBio-LK), Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), PO Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: josue@iqb.ufal.br., de Fátima Â; Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye. Electronic address: adefatima@qui.ufmg.br.

Source: Bioorganic chemistry [Bioorg Chem] 2026 Sep 05; Vol. 179, pp. 110009. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 19.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 1303703 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1090-2120 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00452068 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioorg Chem Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Urease*/antagonists & inhibitors , Urease*/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors*/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors*/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors*/chemical synthesis , Phosphines*/chemistry , Phosphines*/pharmacology , Phosphines*/chemical synthesis , Chalcogens*/chemistry , Chalcogens*/pharmacology , Soil*/chemistry, Canavalia/enzymology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Molecular Structure ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Kinetics

Nickel management by the accessory protein UreG during urease activation.

Authors: Frumenzio G; Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Piero Gobetti 87, 40129, Bologna, Italy; Super Computing Applications and Innovation, Department HPC, CINECA, via Magnanelli 6/3, 40033, Casalecchio di Reno, Italy., Emerson A; Super Computing Applications and Innovation, Department HPC, CINECA, via Magnanelli 6/3, 40033, Casalecchio di Reno, Italy., Ciurli S; Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Piero Gobetti 87, 40129, Bologna, Italy., Musiani F; Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Piero Gobetti 87, 40129, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: francesco.musiani@unibo.it.

Source: International journal of biological macromolecules [Int J Biol Macromol] 2026 Sep; Vol. 374, pp. 153277. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 30.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7909578 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0003 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01418130 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Biol Macromol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Nickel*/metabolism , Nickel*/chemistry , Urease*/metabolism , Urease*/chemistry , Bacterial Proteins*/chemistry , Bacterial Proteins*/metabolism, Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Hydrolysis ; Enzyme Activation ; Binding Sites ; Protein Binding ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Phosphate-Binding Proteins

Fundamental study on the germination, revival of urease activity, and bio-deposition behaviors of Bacillus sphaericus spores for microbial self-healing concrete.

Authors: Hou F; Department of Civil Engineering, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China., Shen D; Department of Civil Engineering, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; General Contracting and Operation Branch, China Communications Construction Corporation, Beijing, 100088, China., Wang J; Department of Civil Engineering, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China. Electronic address: jianyun.wang@xjtu.edu.cn.

Source: Environmental research [Environ Res] 2026 Sep 01; Vol. 305 (Pt 2), pp. 125075. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 17.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0147621 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1096-0953 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00139351 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Res Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Bacillus*/enzymology , Bacillus*/physiology , Urease*/metabolism , Spores, Bacterial*/physiology , Spores, Bacterial*/enzymology , Construction Materials*/microbiology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Temperature ; Bacillaceae

SCR Organism: Lysinibacillus sphaericus

Phytochemical Profiling, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Insights Into the Urease Inhibitory Potential of Fraxinus angustifolia Crude Extract and Fractions.

Authors: Belkhir S; Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria., Rahmani-Berboucha M; Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria., Zemam SS; Laboratory of Enterobacteria and Other Related Bacteria, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Algiers, 16000, Algeria., Debbache-Benaida N; Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria., Ceylan FD; Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey., Adrar N; Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey., Atia A; Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria., Saidene N; Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria., Benamrouche N; Laboratory of Enterobacteria and Other Related Bacteria, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Algiers, 16000, Algeria.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Algiers, 16000, Algeria., Atmani-Kilani D; Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria., Capanoglu E; Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.

Source: Chemistry & biodiversity [Chem Biodivers] 2026 Aug; Vol. 23 (8), pp. e71583.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101197449 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1612-1880 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16121872 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Chem Biodivers Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Urease*/antagonists & inhibitors , Urease*/metabolism , Plant Extracts*/chemistry , Plant Extracts*/pharmacology , Plant Extracts*/isolation & purification , Enzyme Inhibitors*/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors*/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors*/isolation & purification , Fraxinus*/chemistry , Fraxinus*/metabolism , Phytochemicals*/chemistry , Phytochemicals*/pharmacology , Phytochemicals*/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/isolation & purification, Helicobacter pylori/drug effects ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Structure ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Synthesis of thiosemicarbazone derivatives of thiophene-2-carboxylic acid as potent urease inhibitors: in vitro evaluation, molecular docking, and density functional theory analysis.

Authors: Khan W; Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan., Laiba; Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan., Ahmad I; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil., Elhenawy AA; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt., Shah SAA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia.; Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia., Alanazi AS; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Shakoor A; Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan., Alam A; Department of Chemistry, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan., Khan M; Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan., Alanazi MM; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Source: Future medicinal chemistry [Future Med Chem] 2026 Aug; Vol. 18 (16), pp. 2147-2159. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 13.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101511162 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1756-8927 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17568919 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Future Med Chem Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Urease*/antagonists & inhibitors , Urease*/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors*/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors*/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors*/pharmacology , Thiosemicarbazones*/chemistry , Thiosemicarbazones*/chemical synthesis , Thiosemicarbazones*/pharmacology , Thiophenes*/chemistry , Thiophenes*/pharmacology , Thiophenes*/chemical synthesis , Density Functional Theory*, Molecular Docking Simulation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Carboxylic Acids

Proof-of-concept bioelectrochemical characterization of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis for diagnostic applications.

Authors: Oguntomi SO; Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China., Sahu A; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225316, China; School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China. Electronic address: sahuabhipsa@icgeb.cn., Yang Y; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225316, China., Marsili E; Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China. Electronic address: enrico.marsili@nottingham.edu.cn.

Source: Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) [Bioelectrochemistry] 2026 Oct; Vol. 171, pp. 109277. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 09.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 100953583 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-562X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15675394 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioelectrochemistry Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Mycobacterium smegmatis*/enzymology , Mycobacterium smegmatis*/isolation & purification , Mycobacterium smegmatis*/genetics , Urease*/metabolism , Electrochemical Techniques*/methods , Biosensing Techniques*/methods, Indoles/chemistry ; Anthraquinones/chemistry ; Polymers/chemistry ; Riboflavin/chemistry ; Ferricyanides/chemistry ; Electrodes

Localized pH regulation via a dynamic proton-converting raft for gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Authors: Li Y; Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo and BioSensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China., Yang Y; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China. Electronic address: yanxiayang@hunnu.edu.cn., Zhao W; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China., Ren Z; Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo and BioSensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China., Zhang N; Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo and BioSensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China., Cao X; Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo and BioSensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China., Dong Q; Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo and BioSensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China., Bao M; Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo and BioSensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China., Lv Z; Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo and BioSensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China., Li Z; Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo and BioSensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China., Lin C; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China. Electronic address: linchangwei@csu.edu.cn., Ding D; Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China. Electronic address: Dding@sjtu.edu.cn., Chen Z; Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo and BioSensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China. Electronic address: zhuochen@hnu.edu.cn.

Source: Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society [J Control Release] 2026 Sep 10; Vol. 397, pp. 115162. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 06.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Science Publishers Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8607908 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-4995 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01683659 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Control Release Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Alginates*/chemistry , Alginates*/administration & dosage , Gastroesophageal Reflux*/drug therapy , Gastroesophageal Reflux*/metabolism , Urease*/metabolism , Urease*/genetics, Hexuronic Acids/chemistry ; Hexuronic Acids/administration & dosage ; Lactococcus lactis/genetics ; Lactococcus lactis/enzymology ; Glucuronic Acid/chemistry ; Glucuronic Acid/administration & dosage ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Animals ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Protons ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Comparative phylogenomics of bacterial urease systems reveals architectural conservation, lineage-specific specialization, and candidate horizontal transfer.

Authors: Sarkar MP; Microbiology and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, 733134, West Bengal, India., Pal A; Microbiology and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, 733134, West Bengal, India. ayonpal.ruc@gmail.com.

Source: Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG [Mol Genet Genomics] 2026 Aug 29; Vol. 301 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 29.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Comparative Study

Journal Info: Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 101093320 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1617-4623 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16174623 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mol Genet Genomics Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Urease*/genetics , Bacteria*/genetics , Bacteria*/enzymology , Bacteria*/classification , Gene Transfer, Horizontal*, Genome, Bacterial/genetics ; Genomics/methods ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Helicobacter/genetics ; Helicobacter/enzymology ; Phylogeny ; Evolution, Molecular

Enhancing Human Skin Penetration with Biodegradable Enzymatic Nanomotors.

Authors: Prado-Morales C; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , 08028Barcelona, Spain.; Universitat de Barcelona, Doctorate in Biotechnology, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, 08028Barcelona, Spain., Waaijman T; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands., Macías-Tarrío I; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , 08028Barcelona, Spain.; Universitat de Barcelona, Doctorate in Biotechnology, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, 08028Barcelona, Spain.; Departament de Bioquímica i Fisologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028Barcelona, Spain., Huck-Iriart C; ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290Barcelona, Spain., Russo T; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , 08028Barcelona, Spain.; Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, 08028Barcelona, Spain., Gálvez-Savoca J; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , 08028Barcelona, Spain., Rodriguez-Emmenegger C; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , 08028Barcelona, Spain.; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, 52074Aachen, Germany.; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avaņats (ICREA), 08010Barcelona, Spain., Koning JJ; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious diseases, Inflammatory diseases, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands., Sánchez S; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , 08028Barcelona, Spain.; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avaņats (ICREA), 08010Barcelona, Spain.

Source: ACS nano [ACS Nano] 2026 Aug 18; Vol. 20 (32), pp. 23013-23033.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: American Chemical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101313589 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1936-086X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19360851 NLM ISO Abbreviation: ACS Nano Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Skin*/metabolism , Urease*/metabolism , Urease*/chemistry , Skin Absorption*, Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer/chemistry ; Lactic Acid/chemistry ; Lactic Acid/metabolism ; Polyglycolic Acid/chemistry ; Polyglycolic Acid/metabolism ; Humans ; Administration, Cutaneous

Polyhistidine-functionalized phosphorene-ZnO nanorods as an EGFET urea biosensor via enzymatically induced local pH modulation.

Authors: A S; Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus Coimbatore, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: srinivas.aucbe@gmail.com., R V; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: vb@aurcc.ac.in.

Source: Talanta [Talanta] 2026 Aug 15; Vol. 306, pp. 129691. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 27.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 2984816R Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-3573 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00399140 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Talanta Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Zinc Oxide*/chemistry , Biosensing Techniques*/methods , Biosensing Techniques*/instrumentation , Histidine*/chemistry , Nanotubes*/chemistry , Urea*/analysis , Urease*/chemistry , Urease*/metabolism , Transistors, Electronic*, Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry ; Enzymes, Immobilized/metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Electrodes

Synergistic magneto-enzymatic propulsion enables multimodal nanomotor swarms.

Authors: Bakenecker AC; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain. anna.bakenecker@tu-darmstadt.de.; Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany. anna.bakenecker@tu-darmstadt.de., Arqué X; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain. xavier.arque@espci.fr.; Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. xavier.arque@espci.fr.; Gulliver UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France. xavier.arque@espci.fr., Peetroons X; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain., Soto Rodriguez PED; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, BIAM, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.; Instituto de estudios avanzados IUDEA, Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, Tenerife, Spain., Prévéral S; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, BIAM, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France., Faivre D; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, BIAM, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia., Sánchez S; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain. ssanchez@ibecbarcelona.eu.; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain. ssanchez@ibecbarcelona.eu.

Source: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2026 Aug 11; Vol. 17 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 11.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Urease*/metabolism , Urease*/chemistry , Magnetosomes*/chemistry , Magnetosomes*/metabolism, Magnetic Fields ; Catalysis ; Magnetospirillum ; Magnetics

Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and in Silico Studies of Novel Triazole- and Oxadiazole-Based Acetamides as Urease and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors.

Authors: Alrofaidi MA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Baha University; malrofaidi@bu.edu.sa.

Source: Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE [J Vis Exp] 2026 Aug 04 (234). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 04.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Video-Audio Media

Journal Info: Publisher: MYJoVE Corporation Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101313252 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1940-087X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1940087X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Vis Exp Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Urease*/antagonists & inhibitors , Urease*/metabolism , Triazoles*/chemistry , Triazoles*/pharmacology , Triazoles*/chemical synthesis , Oxadiazoles*/chemistry , Oxadiazoles*/pharmacology , Oxadiazoles*/chemical synthesis , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors*/chemical synthesis , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors*/pharmacology , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors*/chemistry , Acetamides*/pharmacology , Acetamides*/chemistry , Acetamides*/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors*/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors*/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors*/chemistry, alpha-Glucosidases/metabolism ; Molecular Docking Simulation

A novel urease-producing strain effectively induces cadmium biomineralization under low-temperature stress.

Authors: Yu Y; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China., Zheng Q; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China., Peng F; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China., Huang Y; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China., Qiu C; Agricultural and Livestock Products Engineering Technology Research Center of Xizang Autonomous Region, Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing, Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, China., Liu Q; Agricultural and Livestock Products Engineering Technology Research Center of Xizang Autonomous Region, Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing, Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, China., Liang L; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China., Wu B; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China. Electronic address: wub@cdut.edu.cn.

Source: Journal of environmental sciences (China) [J Environ Sci (China)] 2026 Oct; Vol. 168, pp. 187-195. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jan 14.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: IOS Press Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 100967627 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1001-0742 (Print) Linking ISSN: 10010742 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Environ Sci (China) Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Cadmium*/metabolism , Soil Pollutants*/metabolism , Pseudomonas*/metabolism , Urease*/metabolism, Biomineralization ; Cold Temperature ; Biodegradation, Environmental

Double-site rapid urease test versus histopathology for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori among patients with dyspepsia on proton pump inhibitors-A diagnostic accuracy study.

Authors: Yadav AI; Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India., Jearth V; Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India. vaneet.jearth@gmail.com., Sharma AK; Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India., Singh AK; Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India., Chauhan P; Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India., Patial P; Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India., Sekar A; Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India., Shah J; Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India., Mandavdhare H; Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India., Rana SS; Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India., Dutta U; Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India.

Source: Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology [Indian J Gastroenterol] 2026 Aug; Vol. 45 (4), pp. 706-714. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 12.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Comparative Study

Journal Info: Publisher: Springer India Country of Publication: India NLM ID: 8409436 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 0975-0711 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02548860 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Indian J Gastroenterol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Helicobacter Infections*/diagnosis , Helicobacter Infections*/pathology , Helicobacter Infections*/complications , Helicobacter pylori*/isolation & purification , Helicobacter pylori*/genetics , Proton Pump Inhibitors*/adverse effects , Proton Pump Inhibitors*/administration & dosage , Dyspepsia*/etiology , Dyspepsia*/microbiology , Dyspepsia*/drug therapy , Urease*/analysis, Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Female ; Biopsy ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Male ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Middle Aged ; Rapid Diagnostic Tests ; Adult

The functional and catalytic landscape of urease reveals a conserved target against Helicobacter pylori.

Authors: Song Q; Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.; Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China., Wu H; Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China., Ma Z; Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China., Huang T; Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China., Zhu X; Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China., Zhang Z; Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China., Wu G; Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China., Manzoor R; Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China., Liu S; Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China., Wang Y; Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China., Li X; Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China., Zhang W; Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.; Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China., Ye X; Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China., Ma H; Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.

Source: Gut microbes [Gut Microbes] 2026 Dec 31; Vol. 18 (1), pp. 2653575. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 03.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101495343 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1949-0984 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19490976 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Gut Microbes Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Urease*/metabolism , Urease*/genetics , Urease*/antagonists & inhibitors , Urease*/chemistry , Helicobacter pylori*/enzymology , Helicobacter pylori*/drug effects , Helicobacter pylori*/genetics , Helicobacter pylori*/pathogenicity , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins*/genetics , Bacterial Proteins*/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins*/antagonists & inhibitors , Bacterial Proteins*/chemistry, Helicobacter Infections/microbiology ; Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Catalytic Domain